陶寺ⅡM22漆杆与圭表测影  

The Painted Stick of Taosi ⅡM22 and Gnomon Measurement

作　　者：黎耕[1] 孙小淳 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2010年第4期363-372,共10页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:10873039);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(项目编号:KJCX2-YW-T15);美国John Templeton Foundation(项目编号:GrantNo.14895)

摘　　要：通过计算分析,推测《周髀算经》中的冬夏至影长可能是陶寺文化时期在山西襄汾陶寺遗址观测得到的。2002年,在陶寺遗址中期城址的王墓IIM22中出土一根漆杆,经过对该漆杆进行复原,并进行计算与模拟观测,得出漆杆上的粉色环带所对应的日期与陶寺观象台日出狭缝所对应的日期基本一致。根据计算推测出残损的漆杆全长应为173厘米左右,通过翻杆进行测量,是当时测影所用的圭尺。Computational analysis shows that the gnomon shadow lengths for winter and summer solstices recorded in the Zhoubi Suanjing might have originally been measured at the prehistoric（ca.4300 BP）astronomical site of Taosi in Linfen,Shanxi.In 2002,a painted stick with calibrated scales was excavated from a Taosi culture royal tomb（no.IIM22）.The painted stick has been restored.Computational analysis and simulation measurements produce a series of year-dates corresponding to the red-belted marks on the stick.These dates fit well with the year-dates obtained from the ＂horizontal calendar＂ of the observatory at the Taosi site.According to our analysis,the painted stick should be about 173 cm long.By opening the two halves of the stick,the length of the stick is doubled.The expanded stick serves as the template of the gnomon of 8 chi（200 cm）long.

关 键 词：陶寺 圭表测影 ⅡM22漆杆 《周髀算经》 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]