施氮水平对小麦籽粒淀粉粒度分布及淀粉粒糊化特性的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate on Starch Granule Size Distribution and Starch Pasting Properties in Wheat(Triricum aestivum L.) Grain

作　　者：马冬云[1] 郭天财[1] 王晨阳[1] 宋晓[1] 冯辉[1] 韩巧霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,国家小麦工程技术研究中心,郑州450002

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2010年第11期43-47,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业农业科研专项(200803037);小麦超高产优化栽培技术攻关项目(2006BAD02A07-1)

摘　　要：以豫麦49-198为供试材料,研究了不同施氮水平对籽粒淀粉粒度分布及大、小淀粉粒糊化特性的影响。结果表明,大、小淀粉粒的糊化参数明显不同,大淀粉粒的糊化时间和糊化温度明显低于小淀粉粒,而峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度则明显高于小淀粉粒。随着施氮水平的增加,大、小淀粉粒及总淀粉峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度总体呈增加趋势,以N3或N4处理的数值最高,表明增施氮肥有利于改善小麦淀粉糊化特性。随着施氮水平增加,<2.0μm和<9.8μm淀粉粒数目、体积和表面积百分比呈下降趋势,而>9.8μm的淀粉粒数目和表面积百分比呈升高趋势。表明增施氮肥,降低了小淀粉粒数目、体积和表面积百分比,而增加了大淀粉粒的数目和表面积百分比。Wheat A-and B-type starch granules have significantly different chemical compositions and functional properties which result in the two starch granule types being utilized differently,both in food and nonfood uses.The granule size distribution of wheat starch is affected by both genotype and environment factors.Nitrogen fertilizer management plays a vital role in increasing the yield of wheat,and it has a significant effect on wheat qualities.Currently little information is available about the different distribution of starch granule size and its pasting properties in wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer application rate.The wheat cultivar ＂Yumai 49-198＂,being large-scale popularized in Huang-huai wheat zone,was used to investigate the distribution of grain starch granule size and the paste property of large and small starch granules fractions under different nitrogen fertilizer application rate in Henan province in 2004-2006 growth season.The results indicated that large starch granule fractions exhibited higher peak,trough,and final viscosities relative to small starch granule fractions.Small starch granules fractions possessed higher paste time and temperature compared with the respective large starch granule fractions.The peak,trough and final viscosities of large,small starch granule fractions and total starch increased with N application rate,maximal at N3 or N4 treatment,which indicated that optimum nitrogen fertilizer application rate would improve wheat starch quality.With N fertilizer application rate increasing,the percent volume,number and percent surface area of 〈2.0 μm and〈9.8 μm starch granules decreased,while the percent volume,number and percent surface area of 〉9.8 μm starch granules increased.The results suggested that increased N fertilizer application rate mainly decreased the number,volume and surface area of small starch granule and increased the number,volume and surface area of large starch granule fractions.

关 键 词：小麦 氮肥 籽粒 淀粉粒度分布 糊化特性 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]