赣香B近等基因导入系构建与目标性状筛选  

Development of Near-isogenic Introgression Lines on Gangxiang B and Evaluation of their Traits

作　　者：肖叶青[1] 吴小燕[1] 胡兰香[1] 邬文昌[1] 罗世友[1] 邓伟[1] 陈大洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院水稻研究所,南昌330200

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2010年第6期1128-1132,共5页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：农业部948项目(2006-G1);国家863计划(水稻节水抗旱种质创新);比尔和梅琳达.盖茨基金会项目(51587-13)共同资助

摘　　要：野生稻在长期的自然选择过程中,形成了丰富的变异类型,对环境有较强的适应性,蕴藏着大量的优良基因。高效发掘野生稻的有利基因是实现水稻育种突破的前提。利用11个不同地方来源的野生稻为供体,以江西省农科院水稻所育成的优良三系保持系赣香B为受体,通过杂交和大量回交,构建了892份具有不同野生稻遗传背景的近等基因导入系。从表型性状观察,各导入系间性状差异显著,主要表现在生育期、株高、分蘖力、穗形、粒形和芒等方面。利用该导入系,在持续干旱和35℃以上的高温条件下,在低氮水平和稻瘟病重发区,在淹水和喷施草苷膦除草剂等胁迫条件下大规模筛选,初步筛选到一批抗旱、耐高温、耐低氮、抗稻瘟病、苗期耐淹和抗除草剂的材料。利用这批优良材料,通过下一步的性状聚合育种,能够进一步改良保持系赣香B的抗逆性、耐低氮能力以及抗病性等,为实现绿色超级稻育种目标奠定了基础。从大规模构建的导入系筛选试验结果来看,能够在野生稻供体的后代中筛选到大部分目标性状,这表明野生稻存在许多有利基因。Wild rice has formed abundant variation and strong adaptability to environment,and has contained a great number of favorable genes due to the long term process of natural selection.The efficient identification of favorable genes from wild rice is a prerequisite for realizing a breakthrough progress in rice breeding.The authors developed a population consisting of 892 near-isogenic introgression lines（NILs） by crossing and subsequent backc-rossing between 11 wild rice accessions sourced from different places as donors,and Gangxiang B,a maintainer line to cytoplasm male sterility,as recipient.The recipient,Gangxiang B,was developed by Rice Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.A significant difference was found among the NILs by phenotyping the traits.The major differences were involved in the traits,such as growth duration,plant height,tillering ability,panicle shape,grain shape,awn,and so on.Through the large scale evaluation of the NILs under various stress conditions including persistent droughts,temperature above 35℃,low nitrogen rate,natural selection in the areas prone of rice blast and flooding,spraying herbicide,and so on,a series of NILs were found to be resistant to drought,tolerant to high temperature and nitrogen deficiency,resistant to blast,tolerant to flooding in seedling stage,and resistant to herbicide.It could be anticipated to further improve the resistance of Gangxiang B to stresses,its tolerance to nitrogen deficiency,and its resistance to diseases and lay a good foundation for developing green super rice by using the NILs identified with elite traits in the next pyramiding breeding program.The evaluation of the NILs population demonstrated that target genes from wild rice were identified for trait improvement of rice.It was further demonstrated that wild rice does contain a great number of favorable target genes.

关 键 词：水稻近等基因导入系 目标性状筛选 赣香B 野生稻 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]