23种常见作物对镉毒害的敏感性差异  

Different Sensitivity of 23 Common Crop Species to Cadmium Toxicity

作　　者：丁枫华[1,2] 刘术新[3] 罗丹[1] 王果[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福州350002 [2]丽水学院,丽水323000 [3]丽水职业技术学院,丽水323000

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第1期277-283,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071218)

摘　　要：通过水培苗期毒性试验,研究了9个科23种常见作物幼苗对镉毒害敏感性的差异.结果表明,大部分供试植物在0.1～0.25 mg.L-1镉浓度条件下开始出现表观毒害症状.不同种类作物所表现的毒害症状有较大的差异.作物地上部鲜重对较低浓度镉(0.1～0.5 mg.L-1)胁迫的响应比其他生长性状指标更加敏感和稳定,可作为植物对镉敏感性的筛选指标.不同种类作物EC20值(地上部生物量降低20%时培养液中Cd的浓度)的变化范围为0.03～24.67 mg.L-1.根据表观毒性响应端点和EC20对作物镉毒害敏感性分别进行分类,2种分类结果基本一致.大白菜、油白菜、油麦菜、芥菜、小白菜属于镉敏感作物,可以作为确定土壤和植物中镉的毒害临界值的生态毒性受体以及土壤镉污染的监测植物.黄瓜为镉抗性较强作物.Cadmium toxicity to 23 kinds of commonly cultivated crops of 9 families was studied by solution culture with different cadmium concentrations. Most of the studied crop seedlings showed cadmium toxicity symptoms with 0. 1-0. 25 mg·L^-1. The toxic effects of cadmium on the crops were quite different. The effect of Cd on shoot biomass was more obvious and stable than the other parameters at low Cd concentrations （0. 1-0. 5 mg·L^-1 ） , Therefore, shoot fresh weight was selected to be the indicator of plant sensitivity to Cd. The EC20（ effective concentration causing a 20% inhibition of shoot biomass） values of Cd for the studied crops ranged from 0.03 to 24.67 mg·L^-1. The Cd sensitivity of the crops is classified according to the response endpoint of apparent symptoms and the EC20 values. Chinese cabbage, brassica napus, youmai lettuce, mustard and pakchoi are sensitive species to Cd toxicity that can be used as ecological receptors to determine the critical value of the toxicity of soil Cd to crops or as monitoring crop species of soil Cd pollution. Cucumber is most tolerant to Cd toxicity among the studies crops.

关 键 词：镉 作物 毒害 敏感性 EC20 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]