基于归一化差值植被指数的极端干旱气象对西南地区生态系统影响遥感分析  

Remote Sensing Analysis of Impacts of Extreme Drought Weather on Ecosystems in Southwest Region of China Based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

作　　者：王维[1,2] 王文杰[2] 李俊生[2] 吴昊[2] 许超[2] 刘孝富[2] 刘锬[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2010年第12期1447-1455,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2008BAC34B00);国家环保公益性行业科研专项(200909113)

摘　　要：以年际同期归一化差值植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)作为评价指标,分析极端干旱气象对西南地区生态系统影响的时空分布特征,提出旱灾可能造成的生态影响及应采取的管理和科研措施.结果表明:2009年8月—2010年3月,西南地区的生态系统受极端干旱天气影响显著,威胁程度呈上升趋势;贵州、广西和云南三省(自治区)受干旱影响的生态系统面积先后超过各省份生态系统总面积的80%,生态系统强度变差区集中在云南的中东部、贵州西南部和广西西北部等地区;农田生态系统受损严重,农作物大面积枯死或绝收;大量水库、池塘干涸,河流水位明显下降,部分河流断流,危及水生生物生存;自然植被影响明显,植被生长明显受到抑制,干热河谷地带和岩溶地形区域植被大面积退化,威胁当地生物多样性.Interannually contemporaneous Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（NDVI） was used as an evaluation indicator to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics for impacts of extreme drought weather on ecosystems in the Southwest Region of China.The possible consequences to the ecosystems caused by drought,and the measures of management and scientific research which should be adopted were put forward.The results indicate that from August 2009 to March 2010： Ecosystems in the Southwest Region were remarkably impacted by extreme drought weather,assuming an ascending trend of threatening degree;The area of ecosystems that suffered from this disaster in Yunnan,Guangxi and Guizhou accounted for more than 80% of the total ecosystem area in these three administrative regions;ecosystem intensity degraded area was concentrated in the eastern region of Yunnan,southwest region of Guizhou and northwest region of Guangxi;The farmland ecosystem was seriously damaged,resulting in large areas of crops dying off or failing;A number of reservoirs and ponds dried up;water levels of rivers declined apparently and parts of the rivers suffered from zero flow,threatening the survival of aquatic organisms;The effect on natural vegetation was obvious,and the vegetation growth was apparently suppressed.Large areas of vegetation in the dry-hot valley and the Karst area degenerated,threatening the local biodiversity.

关 键 词：中等分辨率成像分光辐射计(MODIS) NDVI 极端干旱气象 西南地区 生态系统影响 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]