一株甲拌磷降解菌的诱变选育与降解特性研究  

Study on mutagenesis breeding and degradation characteristic of a phorate degradation bacterium

作　　者：姜彬慧[1] 姜莉[2] 宋柯群[1] 林颖[2] 王琳琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院环境工程系,沈阳110004 [2]沈阳出入境检验检疫局,沈阳110002

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2010年第6期62-66,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：辽宁省重大;重点科技攻关项日(2008215002);2008沈阳大型科学仪器设备共享服务专项项目(2008gx-019)

摘　　要：从甲拌磷污染的土壤中驯化分离得到1株能够以甲拌磷为唯一碳源生长的革兰氏阴性细菌JZ1-黏着剑菌(Ensifer adhaerenssp.)。最初,该菌株在24 h内对200mg/L甲拌磷的降解率为42.2%。当驯化质量浓度为800 mg/L时,JZ1对200 mg/L甲拌磷的降解率达到56.3%。以JZ1为出发菌经化学诱变和紫外诱变后获得菌株JZ1-Ⅱ。JZ1-Ⅱ对甲拌磷的降解作用明显增加:当盐酸羟胺质量分数为2%时,降解率提高至67.8%;进一步经紫外照射45 s,降解率提高至83.2%。气相色谱法测定甲拌磷的降解动态,在JZ1-Ⅱ的作用下,甲拌磷在12～24 h内下降迅速,24 h后降解率基本稳定在83%。采用氯化亚锡法测定培养基中总磷和无机磷的含量,分析甲拌磷的降解途径,甲拌磷的降解过程应为:甲拌磷(O,O-二乙基-S-乙硫基甲基二硫代磷酸酯)首先降解为二乙基磷酸,继而转变为磷酸。The given research is concerned about the author＇s experimental research on the mutatgenesis breeding cultivation and its degradation characteristics of A-phorate degrading bacteria. First of all, we have successfully isolated a gram-negative bacterial strain JZ1 （ Ensifer adhaerens sp. ） through domestication from phorate contaminated soil, in which phorate could be used as the sole carbon and nitrogen source for plant growth. The degradation rate of 200 mg/L phorate for JZ1 was 42.2% in 24 hours at the isolating initial stage, and through domestication the rate can be made to reach 56.3 % with 200 mg/L to 800 mg/L. Mutating on the strain, JZ1 - II could be obtained with the resuhs as follows： the death rate was 83 % when the concentration of hydroxylammonium chloride was 2%, and later the degradation rate was successfully improved to 67.8%. 73% of the amount of growth could be killed in 45 seconds of ultraviolet irradiation with the degradation rate improved to 83.2%. Thus it can be concluded that chemical and UV mutations could be used to improve the phorate degradation in a very simple manner. In addition, the degradation curve proves to be measured by gas chromatography. With the action of degradation strain, the amount of pesticide tends to deseende quickly between E2 hours to 24 hours with the degradation rate remaining at 83 % after 24 hours by JZ1 - II. Identifying the total amount of phosphorus and abio-phosphorus in the substrate by means of stannous chloride, we have analyzed the progress of phorate degradation. It proves that part of the phosphorus tends to be absorbed by JZ1 - II or synthesized into certain parts of thalli. Furthermore, more organic phosphorus tends to turn into abio-phosphorus by the microbes. Based on the bond position of the effeetive ingredients of phorate, it was found very easy to cut the phorate ingredients. It can be concluded that the degradation process of phorate can be shown as follows： first of all, phorate is likely to turn to diethyl phosphoric acid, and th

关 键 词：微生物学 甲拌磷 黏着剑菌(Ensifer adhaerens sp.) 降解作用 诱变 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]