智力低下儿童的病因及相关致病因素分析  

Analysis on causes of mental retardation and related pathogenic factors in children

作　　者：施灵敏[1] 郑飞霞[1] 刘婵[1] 林忠东[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州医学院附属育英儿童医院神经科,浙江温州325027

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2010年第36期5398-5400,共3页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

摘　　要：目的：了解2005~2009年温州市6~11岁智力低下（mental retardation,MR）儿童的病因构成特点及相关致病因素。方法：对就诊患儿采用儿童韦氏智力量表进行诊断,并进行病例对照研究及COX回归分析。结果：诊断MR儿童268例,病因明确者202例,占75.30%。其中生物医学因素所致164例,占61.10%;社会心理因素38例,占14.17%。农村MR儿童染色体病的人数高于城市,城市MR儿童受社会心理因素影响致病的人数高于农村（P均〈0.01）。产前、产时和产后各种病因在农村和城市间差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）;病例对照生物危险因素分析及COX回归分析结果显示,早产、出生时窒息、母孕期接触化学物质和近亲结婚可使MR发生的风险增高。结论：加强孕期保健和产前诊断,提高产科质量,积极防治后天获得性疾病是预防MR的关键。Objective：To understand the etiological composition characteristics and related pathogenic factors of mental retardation in children aged 6～11 years old in Wenzhou from 2005 to 2009.Methods：The children were diagnosed by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,a case-control study and COX regression analysis were performed in the study.Results：268 children were diagnosed as mental retardation,202 children had clear causes,accounting for 75.30%,including 164 children of bio-medical factors（61.10%）,38 children of psychosocial factors（14.17%）;the amount of rural children with mental retardation combined with chromosomal diseases was higher than that of urban children;the proportion of psychosocial factors in urban children with mental retardation was higher than that in rural children（P all 0.01）;there was no significant difference in prenatal,perinatal and postnatal various causes between rural children and urban children（P all0.05）;premature delivery,birth asphyxia,exposure to chemical substances during pregnancy and consanguineous marriage were high risk factors of mental retardation.Conclusion：Enhancing antenatal care and prenatal diagnosis,improving the quality of obstetrical department,preventing and curing postnatal acquired diseases actively are important for preventing mental retardation.

关 键 词：智力低下 病因 致病因素 儿童 

分 类 号：R742[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]