中国干旱区与季风区夏季气温变化特征对比  

Comparison of summer temperature change characteristics between arid region and monsoon region in China in recent 46 years

作　　者：黄斌[1,2] 王劲松[1] 张洪芬 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省庆阳市气象局,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2010年第6期874-878,共5页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40975054)资助

摘　　要：利用1961-2006年西北干旱区139站和东部季风区378站夏季平均气温资料,采用趋势系数、相关性检验等方法,对比分析了两个区域夏季气温的时间和空间变化特征、气温变幅分布,并对产生变化的原因进行了初步探讨。结果表明:受气候变暖大背景的影响,西北干旱区和东部季风区夏季气温变化均为波动式上升趋势,但由于地理位置的差异,受夏季风影响不同,导致西北干旱区(0.24℃/10 a)的升温趋明显高于季风区(0.11℃/10 a),同时明显高于相同纬度区域的季风区(0.15℃/10 a)气温变化趋势。两个区域气温变幅空间变化分布上都存在明显的升温区域和气温变化相对较弱的区域,季风区在黄河中下游以南地区到长江中下游以北的广大地区变化不明显,黄河中下游以北的华北、东北地区有相对较明显的升温趋势;西北干旱区以明显的升温为主,尤其是以青海西部至蒙古高原西部形成的一带状区域为主要明显升温区,其最大升温率达到0.93℃/10 a,变化相对较弱的区域主要位于吐鲁番盆地和塔里木盆地。Based on the data of 139 stations in arid area of northwest China and 378 stations in eastern monsoon ar- ea during 1961 to 2006, and with the help of the methods of the trend coefficient, related test, and comparative a- nalysis of the two areas＇ summer mean temperature changes, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of temperature change were analyzed, and the change reasons were discussed. The results show that temperature change was resulted in by the background of climate warming, and summer mean temperature was taken the shape of fluctuations with upward trend in two areas. However, because of geographical position ifferences, the summer monsoon＇s different effects, the warming trend in northwest arid area （0.24 ℃ / 10 a） was significantly much higher than that in eastern monsoon area（0.11 ℃ / 10a）, and at the same time significantly higher than that in the same latitude＇s monsoon area （0.15 ℃ / 10 a）. According to the spatial distribution of summer mean temperature amplitude, there are obviously rising temperature region and weakly rising temperature region in both of two areas. In the monsoon area, the temperature change is not obvious in the vast area which stretches from the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River to the north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, meanwhile, the rising temperature trend is relatively clear in the north China and northeast China which are in the north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The arid area in northwest China distinctly rising temperature, especially in the area which is from the west part of Qinghai is characterized by the to the west part of the Mongolia Plateau with maximum temperature rising rate of 0.93 ℃/10 a, meantime, there is a area mainly located in the Turpan Basin and Tarim Basin with relatively weak rising temperature.

关 键 词：西北干旱区 东部季风区 气温变化 夏季 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]