库姆塔格沙漠风沙活动特征  

Characteristics of blown sand activity in the Kumtagh Desert

作　　者：张正偲[1] 董治宝[1] 赵爱国[1] 钱广强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2010年第6期939-946,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40638038);科技部国家科技基础性工作专项"库姆塔格沙漠综合科学考察"(2006FY100800)的资助

摘　　要：库姆塔格沙漠面积虽然较小，但其风沙地貌类型复杂，包含格状沙丘、复合型沙垄、金字塔沙丘以及“羽毛状”沙丘，其中“羽毛状沙丘”是该沙漠独特的沙丘类型，“羽毛状”沙漠也成了库姆塔格沙漠的代名词。以往对该沙漠风沙地貌的研究局限于遥感影像的判读或者理论分析，很少有实测数据的支持。近期对该沙漠的综合考察对该沙漠的风沙地貌有了新的认识。以建立在库姆塔格沙漠4个方位的5个气象站（测风站）的实测资料为基础，对库姆塔格沙漠近地层风况、风沙活动特征进行了研究。结果表明：（1）库姆塔格沙漠近地层风向复杂，总体可分为两种基本类型风向的区域：沙漠西北和北面为两组风向，而东南和南边为三组风向。（2）库姆塔格沙漠风沙活动强烈，沙漠绝大部分区域属于中风能环境外，南部部分地区都属于低风能环境。（3）该区域的风沙地貌类型和近地层风向特征与合成输沙势方向吻合，年合成输沙势方向在沙漠的西北和北面为西南方向，在多坝沟地区，输沙方向为西北方向，在沙漠南面为东北方向。风向变率在0．3—0．8之间，属于中比率，风况特征属于钝双峰风况或锐双峰风况。年输沙量在0．53-1．14t／m2之间。The area of the Kumtagh Desert is small, but there are different types of sand dunes, such as trellis dune, complicated sand sheet, pyramidal dune and the so-called feathery dune. The feathery dune is the most spe- cial type of sand dune in Kumtagh Desert and almost is a synonym for Kumtagh Desert. At present, dune types and morphology are mainly recognized on remote sensing images and with theory analysis. Recent field investigation into the desert led to new recognition on blown sand geomorphology. This paper attempts to use five meteorological sta- tions wind data to study the characteristics of Kumtagh Desert wind regime and blown sand activities. The result in- dicated as follows ： （ I ） in the desert, wind directions in different regions are very complicated, it can generally be divided into two types of wind direction regions. In the northwest and north regions of desert, wind direction conclude two directions, but in the southeast and south regions of desert, wind direction conclude three directions. （2） Blown sand activities in the desert are very strong, most region of the desert belongs to high wind energy and has the sand drift potential of 200 - 400 VU. （3） The landform types of sand dunes in Kumtag Desert coincide with wind direction and resultant drift direction. The resultant drift directions （RDD） are different in the desert. In the northwest and north of the desert, RDD is northwest direction. In the Duobagou region, RDD is southwest di- rection, and in the south of the desert, RDD is southeast direction. Values of RDP/DP in the desert are between 0.3 and 0.8. Annual sand transport is between 0.53 t/m2 and 1.14 t/m2.

关 键 词：风沙活动特征 输沙势 输沙量 库姆塔格沙漠 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]