石油污染对海洋浮游植物群落生长的影响  

The impact of oil pollution on marine phytoplankton community growth change

作　　者：黄逸君[1] 陈全震[1] 曾江宁[1] 江志兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,杭州310012

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第2期513-521,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家973课题资助项目(2010CB428903);国家专项资助项目(908-01-BC06);国家海洋局第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(JG0921;JT0806);海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(200805069)

摘　　要：为了解石油污染对海洋浮游植物的慢性毒性影响,运用实验生态学手段,在不同季节对采自浙江省乐清湾的浮游植物进行原油污染慢性(15 d)毒性效应研究。通过对浮游植物叶绿素a(chla)和细胞密度的测定,发现高浓度(≥2.28 mg/L)原油胁迫对浮游植物的生长有极显著抑制作用(P<0.001),表现为浮游植物chla和细胞密度下降;低浓度(≤1.21 mg/L)不会抑制浮游植物生长,反而可促进其生长。各个季节原油对浮游植物的慢性毒性效应存在差异,表现为不同自然水温下浮游植物对原油胁迫的耐受性不同,夏季浮游植物对油污染的耐受性较冬季差。浮游植物chla和细胞密度有极显著的正相关性(P<0.001)。石油污染对浮游植物的影响随培养时间延长存在差异,培养后期石油烃逐渐在水中降解,低浓度试验组中浮游植物可恢复生长。Increasing demands for and utilizations of petrochemicals have resulted in an increase in levels of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine,coastal and estuarine environment.Maritime oil contamination usually caused by maritime incidents has catastrophic impacts on the marine environment.More generally,merchant ships can have a significant environmental impact due to on-going human activities,e.g.air and sea pollutions caused by oil,fuel,waste disposal,and the effects of ballast water exchange processes.The oil contamination in the marine environment can pose a significant threat to marine life,especially the phytoplankton.As one of the most important marine planktons,phytoplankton possesses the basic status and function in the marine food chains,and also plays an important role in dynamics of material and energy fluxes.It is therefore very important to study the impact of oil pollution on marine phytoplankton.The effect of oil pollution on marine planktonic organisms has been studied both in the laboratory and in the field.The median effective concentrations（EC50） of certain kinds of microalgae exposed to oil were measured and the toxicities of different oil components and oil products were compared.Field researchers investigated the changes in phytoplankton after oil spillage in certain sea areas.Some researchers focused on the gene or protein levels of certain types of microalgae exposed to oil contamination,and others discussed whether the environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation（UV） in natural sunlight enhanced the oil toxicity or not.However,the responses of phytoplankton community under the stress of oil contamination have not been highlighted yet.Our work is to simulate oil contamination on the natural phytoplankton community and study the community growth.The objectives of this paper are to study the influences of oil pollution on the ecological effects of marine phytoplankton,and provide the basis data for the loss assessment of marine living resources and marine ecosystems caused by oil spi

关 键 词：原油水溶性成分 海洋浮游植物 叶绿素A 细胞密度 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q948.8[生物学—植物学]