基于生态足迹的生态地租分析  

Analysis on ecological land rent based on ecological footprint

作　　者：龙开胜[1] 陈利根[1] 赵亚莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院,南京210095

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第2期538-546,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(4100138)

摘　　要：以李嘉图地租理论和生态足迹为基础,分析了生态地租的内涵,并运用相关测算方法以中国数据为例进行实证,计算了生态地租的数量。在一定时段内,由于土地的稀缺特性以及技术进步的有限性,土地生物承载力有一定的限度。为了能够获取超过土地生物承载力的产出,必然需要更多的生产要素投入,这相当于为消除生态赤字而增加的成本,相应地会导致边际产品产出价格增加。但保持在土地生物承载力范围之内的产出,其产出成本中可以避免为消除生态赤字而增加的投入,从而能够获取超额利润,即性质上属于李嘉图租的生态地租。构建生态足迹与各产业的对应关系,将投入产出模型运用于生态地租的测算,计算出2007年中国单位经济产出的生态地租量为0.082,生态地租总额为7 258 711×106元,相当于当年经济总产出增加值的27.3%。在不同行业中,农林牧渔业单位产出的生态地租量最高,电、热及水生产和供应业次之,但工矿业能够获取的生态地租总量最大。研究表明消除生态赤字的两条可行途径为,要么将最终总需求保持与生物承载力一致的水平,如果要使经济产出水平与生物承载力保持一致,那么需要减少60.7%的最终需求;要么征收与生态地租等值的生态税,征收的生态税应该用于治理生态环境,以维持土地生物性生产能力的稳定。因此,如果充分考虑生态地租的影响,将导致社会产品价格的上涨,意味着人类生活成本大为增加,但这却是为维持生态平衡必须支付的代价。On the basis of theory of Ricardian Rents and ecological footprint,connotation of ecological land rent is analyzed in this article,and empirical study with China data is made with related estimation method to calculate the amount of ecological land rent.In a certain period,the ecological bio-capacity of land resource is limited because land resource is of scarcity and the technical progress is also finite.In order to obtain products and services from land resource over its bio-capacity,more inputs are necessary,which is equivalent to increasing the cost to eliminate ecological deficit,and correspondingly result in price increasing of a marginal product.Therefore the output on the basis of land bio-capacity can avoid the cost of eliminating ecological deficit and get super benefit,that is,ecological land rent similar to Ricardian rents.Then,corresponding relation between ecological footprint and every industry is made,and the model of input and output is applied to measure the amount of ecological land rent,the result shows that amount of ecological land rent per unit economy output in China of Year 2007 is 0.082,and the total number of economical land rent is 7258711 million RMB yuan,which is 27.3% of added value of the whole year′s total output.In different industries,agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery have achieved the greatest amount of ecological land rent per unit economy output,and the corresponding number of production and supply of electric power,heat power and water are close behind.What is worth to mention is that mining,quarrying and manufacturing industries have access to get the largest total number of ecological land rent,which is much more than agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery and any other industry.The research shows that there are two accessible ways to eliminate the ecological deficit.The first way is to keep the final consumption demand level within the bio-capacity of land resource.In this case,China has to cut off 60.7% of the current final consumption demand

关 键 词：生态地租 生态足迹 生物承载力 李嘉图租 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]