青鱼咀嚼器官胚后发育生物学的研究  

POST-LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE MASTICATING APPARATUS OF BLACK CARP MYLOPHARYNGODON PICEUS(RICHARDSON)

作　　者：刘焕亮[1] 李华[1] 翟宝香[1] 刘伟 

机构地区：[1]大连水产学院,116024 [2]中国水产科学院黑龙江水产研究所,哈尔滨150010

出　　处：《水生生物学报》1990年第4期310-320,389-390,共11页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

摘　　要：通过显微解剖、肉眼解剖、石蜡切片、扫描电镜观察和硬度值测定等方法,观察全长5.6—330mm青鱼标本370尾,描述了青鱼咽骨和咽齿形态发育和咽齿更换、固着规律的组织学特点及角质垫形态发育和组织学特点;论述了咽齿发育阶段和更换、固着特点以及咀嚼器官发育与食性转化关系。为制定饲养青鱼生物学措施提供了理论依据。The masticating apparatus (the pharyngeal teeth and the horny pad) of black carp is formed gradually during postlarval development. The pharyngeal teeth grow on the pharyngeal bones on the bottom of the posterior pharyngeal cavity, while the horny pad is situated on the roof of the cavity, opposite to the pharyngeal teeth. The development of the pharyngeal teeth can be divided into three stages, i.e., original teeth, transitional teeth and fixed teeth. The original teeth have only one generation, with a dental formula of 1,2/2,1. The transitional teeth have three generations, and the dental formulae are 3/3, 4/4 and 4/5 respectively. The fixed teeth have several generations. During the first year, there are two to three generations with a dental formula of 4/5. The pharyngeal teeth are changed several times in the life-cycle. During the first year, the old teeth are displaced by the new ones repeatedly (five to six times). In each generation, the rate of change is higher in the earlier stage than in the latter stage. The teeth are changed one by one and alternatively from either side. When an old tooth is thin, absorbed and dropped, it is substituted by a new one. The fixed teeth have typical structures of enamel, dentine, pulp, pulp-cavity and cement. The horny pad appears later than the pharyngeal teeth and is composed of three layers: cuticle (outer layer), granular layer (middle layer) and germinal (basal) layer. The thickness and strength of the horny pad increase with the growth of the animal. The development of the masticating apparatus is closely associated with changes in the feeding habit. At the original teeth stage, the masticating apparatus is not capable of masticating food and the fish changes from heterogenous feeding to zooplankton-feeding. At the transitional stage, the apparatus has weak ability to masticate food and is not capable of grinding; the diet of the fish changes from zooplankton to benthos like chironomid larvae. At the fixed teeth stage, the apparatus is capable of masticating and g

关 键 词：青鱼 咀嚼器官 发育生物学 

分 类 号：S965.111[农业科学—水产养殖]