超高产水稻根系发育形态学研究  

Root developmental morphology for super high yielding rice

作　　者：郑景生[1] 林文[1] 姜照伟[1] 李义珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院稻麦研究所,福建福州350019

出　　处：《福建农业学报》1999年第3期1-6,共6页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金

摘　　要：为探索超高产水稻的理想根型， 观察比较了水稻不同产量水平的根系发育形态。试验结果表明， 水稻根量随着在土壤中分布层次的加深， 按负指数曲线减少， 并向 ｘ 轴渐近； 产量１２ｔ·ｈｍ － ２左右的超高产水稻， ２０ ｃｍ 土层内的各层根系具有较大的干重、体积和总长， 分枝根十分发达， 在土壤中密集成网； 随着产量的提高， 地上、地下部干物重同步增长， 但根重增长速率偏低， 冠根比逐渐扩大， 根系活力则相应增强， 从而维持地上、地下部形态及机能的综合平衡； 各根层对形成超高产的贡献率， ０～５ ｃｍ 土层的上层根占６５％ ， ５～２０ ｃｍ 土层的下层根占３５％ 。The root developmental morphology of Teyou 63 with different yield levels was studied to probe ideal root type of super high yielding rice Results showed that:The amount of rice root system decreased as negative exponential curve with the deepening of soil layers at ripen stage and the curve was asympotic to x\|axis;The rice plants with 12 t·hm -2 super high grain yield possessed larger root,dry matter weight (DMW), root volume, total root length and much more developed branch roots in each soil layer within 20cm,the roots densely distributed in soil;Shoot and root DMW increased with the growth of grain yield, but the growth rate of root DMW was lower than that of shoot,and this led to enlarged rate of top to root (T/R) and root activity, therefore,this maintained overall balance of the morphology and function of rice shoot and root;The contribution rate of the upper layer root (0-5 cm) to the formation of super high yielding amounted to 65% and that of the lower layer root (5-20 cm) to 35%

关 键 词：水稻 超高产 根系 形态发育 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]