辽宁大凌河流域草甸土土壤硝态氮运移及合理施肥调控  

Moving Dynamics of Nitrate Nitrogen in Soil of Maize Field on Meadow Soil of Daling River Basin in Liaoning and Its Rational Fertilization Controlling

作　　者：刘慧颖[1,2] 董环[2] 张鑫[2] 韩晓日[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省农业科学院环境资源与农村能源研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2011年第1期169-172,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部农业公益性行业科研专项经费项目"环渤海区域农业碳氮平衡定量评价及调控技术研究"(200803036);国家科技支撑项目"东北冷凉区一年一熟制高效施肥关键技术研究与示范"(2008BADA4B06)

摘　　要：通过设计不同施氮方式,研究辽宁大凌河流域耕型壤质草甸土大田玉米土壤硝态氮(NO3-N)运移动态,并讨论了氮肥的经济环保施用方式。结果表明,土壤NO3-N含量随氮肥用量的增加而增加,同等施氮量条件下,土壤NO3-N含量表现为化肥处理>秸秆还田处理>缓控释肥料处理。随着不同生育期根系对养分的需求,各层土壤可自动调节NO3-N向上向下双向运移。生育前期下层土壤中的NO3-N会向上运移,后期则向下运移。秸秆还田处理可以增加土壤对NO3-N的固持能力,阻止NO3-N向地下部迁移,减少地下水污染的危险。缓控释肥料的使用达到了养分持续释放的效果,并将养分释放的最高峰值推后30d,及时满足籽实成熟期养分供应。缓控释肥料处理的产量最高,土壤NO3-N有累积但最少,对环境负面影响也少,但存在向下运移的趋势。秸秆还田处理产量与传统施肥处理产量相近,能增加土壤中NO3-N含量并能阻止向下运移。The moving dynamics of nitrate nitrogen（NO3-N） in soil of maize field on meadow soil of Daling river basin in Liaoning and its rational fertilization controlling were disused in this study by the designing of different kinds of N application methods.The results showed that the content of NO3-N in soil was increased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increasing;under the same amount of nitrogen application conditions,the content of NO3-N in soil showed a trend of chemical fertilizer treatmentstraw returning treatmentslow controlled release fertilizer treatment.Based on the requirement of roots in different growth stage to nutrition,the migration directions of NO3-N could be regulated by each layer of soil.In the early growth stage,the NO3-N would move upward,while it moved downward in the late growth stage.Straw returning treatment could improve the keeping ability of soil to NO3-N and avoid the downward migration of NO3-N,as well as reduce the damage of groundwater pollution.The use of slow controlled release fertilizer had achieved the continuing releasing of nutrition.Moreover,the peak of nutrition releasing had delayed for 30 d,which had met the requirement of nutrient supply in maturing stage.The yield of slow controlled release fertilizer treatment was the highest with the least accumulation of NO3-N and less negative influence on environment.The yield of straw returning treatment and chemical fertilizer treatment was closed to each other.

关 键 词：草甸土 土壤硝态氮 合理施肥 辽宁大凌河 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]