基于稀疏信号分解的自适应时变滤波器及其在齿轮故障诊断中的应用  

MSCSSD-based Adaptive Time-varying Filter and Its Application to Gearbox Fault Diagnosis

作　　者：彭富强[1] 于德介[1] 罗洁思[1] 武春燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2010年第24期46-53,共8页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50875078);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划;2009AA04Z414);教育部长江学者与创新团队发展计划(5311050050037);湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室自主课题(60870002)资助项目

摘　　要：提出一种新的自适应时变滤波器设计方法,并将其应用于变速齿轮箱齿轮故障诊断中。齿轮箱振动信号频率成分复杂,特别是多级变速齿轮箱,存在多个啮合频率,而齿轮箱齿轮故障诊断的核心是获取啮合频率的调制状态。在非平稳转速下,如何从复杂振动信号中提取包络调制信号是齿轮箱故障诊断需要解决的关键问题。基于多尺度线调频基(Multi-scale chirplet)的稀疏信号分解方法可以有效地提取频率呈曲线变化的信号分量,适合于载波频率的提取,以该载波频率为滤波器的中心频率,转频的倍频为滤波带宽,设计滤波中心频率曲线变化的自适应时变滤波器,可以有效地将多个包络调制信号分别提取出来,进而可以对变速多级齿轮箱齿轮进行故障诊断。提出的自适应滤波器可以根据信号本身的特点自动改变滤波中心频率和滤波带宽,对信号进行滤波,保留信号的有用频率成分,抑制无用成分。仿真算例和应用实例说明了方法的有效性。A new method for adaptive time-varying filter design and its application in gearbox fault diagnosis is proposed.There are lots of components in gearbox vibration signals,especially for multi-stage gearbox,including numbers of components corresponding to meshing frequency,and the key point of gearbox fault diagnosis is the judgments about modulation of meshing frequencies.So,how to extract the AM-FM components from vibration signals is the vital point to be dealt with.The sparse signal decomposition method based on multi-scale chirplet can successfully extract components,whose frequencies are time-varying,from non-stationary signals,and is suitable for extraction of meshing frequency.The adaptive time-varying filter,whose center frequency and band width is set to be the meshing frequency extracted and multiple rotational frequencies respectively,can be designed and used in gearbox fault diagnosis.Each AM-FM signal can be filtered from non-stationary signals by the adaptive filter.The adaptive filter designed by using the proposed method can change the center frequency and band width according to the signals themselves.It keeps useful frequency components of signals and inhibits useless ones.Simulation and application examples prove the effectiveness of the method.

关 键 词：多尺度 线调频小波 稀疏分解 自适应 时变滤波器 齿轮故障诊断 

分 类 号：TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TH165.3