近距离工作和户外活动对学龄期儿童近视进展的影响  

Influence of near-work and outdoor activities on myopia progression in school children

作　　者：易军晖[1] 李蓉蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅三医院眼科,湖南长沙410013

出　　处：《中国当代儿科杂志》2011年第1期32-35,共4页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics

摘　　要：目的探讨近距离工作以及户外活动等对学龄期儿童近视进展的影响。方法将80名7～11岁的在校学生随机分入观察组(41人)和对照组(39人),指导观察组控制近、中距离工作时间30h/周以内,增加户外活动至14～15h/周以上,2年内定期医学验光得到屈光度,2年后由眼科医生进行问卷调查,内容包括阅读、书写、使用电脑等近距离工作时间;看电视、课外辅导等中距离工作时间;户外活动时间;使用自然光线以及每日戴镜时间等。结果观察组儿童的年平均屈光度进展度数为0.38±0.15D,明显低于对照组(0.52±0.19D)(P<0.01)。观察组近距离工作时间与对照组差异无统计学意义,但看电视、课外学习等中等距离用眼时间明显短于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组户外活动时间(13.7±2.4h/周)明显长于对照组(6.2±1.6h/周)(P<0.01)。多元回归分析显示4个变量是减慢近视屈光度进展的主要因素:增加户外活动,增加戴镜时间,较多使用自然光,减少使用电脑时间。在观察组内,增加户外活动减慢近视进展(t=-2.510,P<0.05);在对照组内,增加戴镜时间是减慢近视进展的主要因素(t=-3.115,P<0.05)。结论增加户外活动,尽量使用自然光线和坚持戴镜可以减慢学龄期儿童的近视进展。Objective To study the influence of near-work and outdoor activities on myopia progression in school children.Methods Eighty 7-11-year-old school children with myopia were randomly assigned into an intervention group（n=41） and a control group（n=39）.The children in the intervention group did near-and middle-vision activities less than 30 hrs per week and more outdoor activities than 14-15 hrs per week.Myopia progression was observed regularly over 2 years after which ophthalmologists administered questionnaires regarding near-vision work（reading,writing and using computer）,middle-vision work（watching TV and extracurricular learning activities）,outdoor activities,using nature light,wearing glasses,etc.Results The annual mean myopia progression（0.38±0.15 D） in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group（0.52±0.19 D;P0.01）.The children in the two groups spent similar amounts of time in near-vision activities,but the children in the intervention group spent less time in middle-vision activities（P0.01） and more outdoor activities（13.7±2.4 vs 6.2±1.6 hrs/wk;P0.01）.When considering all children in the study,there were 4 factors that significantly correlated with less myopia progression：more outdoor activities,more time spent wearing glasses,more time spent in natural light and less time using a computer.When analyzing the intervention group separately,more outdoor activity was inversely correlated with myopia progression（t=-2.510,P0.05）.Separate analysis of the control group indicated that more time wearing glasses was correlated with less myopia progression（t=-3.115,P0.05）.Conclusions Myopia progression in school children may be slowed by more outdoor activities,more time spent in natural light and more time wearing corrective glasses.

关 键 词：近视 近距离工作 户外活动 学龄期儿童 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]