聚乙烯醇系水面溢油凝油剂的制备与性能  

The preparation and the properties of polyvinyl alcohol spilled oil gelling agents on water surface

作　　者：孙云明[1] 陈国华[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛海洋大学化学化工学院

出　　处：《中国环境科学》1999年第5期432-435,共4页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!49676301

摘　　要：聚乙烯酸与氯乙酸在一定比例的乙醇-碱水溶剂中部分羧甲基醚化，再在低温碱性水溶液中，用高级脂肪酰氯部分酯化，合成羧甲基聚乙烯醇脂肪酸酯．进一步与铝盐作用，制备水面浇油换油剂．实验结果表明，该凝油剂对燃料油及原油的凝油速度快、凝油彻底，凝油块可用丝网捞出，水面无油花遗留．进一步研究表明，凝油剂的凝油性能与聚乙烯醇的羧甲基取代度和酯化度有关，与脂肪酸的链长有关．Carboxymethylated polyvinyl alcohol fatty esters were prepared by polyvinyl alcohol being partly carboxymethylated in proportion by chloroacetic acid in alcohol-sodium hydroxide aqueous solutions, and being partly esterificated by fatty acyl chloride in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at low temperature; then the esters were reacted with aluminum sulfate to produce the spilled oil gelling agents on water surface. Experiments indicate that the oil gelling agents can be completely and quickly coagulated some spilled fuel oil and crude oil, the coagulated oils can be easily removed through a net and oil can't be left on the water. Further studies show that the coagulation of the gelling agents relates to the degrees of carboxymethylation and esterification of polyvinyl alcohol, and also to the length of the fatty acids used.

关 键 词：聚乙烯醇 羧甲基化 溢油 凝油剂 制备 

分 类 号：X550.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]