烟梗生物发酵制造有机肥  

Organic Fertilizer Production from Tobacco Stem by Microbial Fermentation

作　　者：高明[1] 郭灵燕 席宇[1] 赵高岭[1] 张志坚[3] 朱大恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学生物工程系,郑州市科学大道100号450001 [2]南阳普康药业有限公司,河南省南阳市工业路143号473050 [3]天昌国际烟草有限公司,河南省许昌市八一路45号461000

出　　处：《烟草科技》2010年第12期57-60,65,共5页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：河南省烟草专卖局科技攻关项目"烟梗废料发酵生产草炭的技术研究与应用(HYKJ200908)"

摘　　要：采用自制有机肥发酵装置,以烟梗为原料进行了高温好氧发酵制作有机肥的研究,对烟梗有机肥发酵过程中物料的温度、含水率、pH、有机质、肥料发芽指数(GI)以及肥料主要化学养分进行了分析。结果表明,在不添加外源营养的情况下,烟梗原料可快速升温发酵,10 d左右温度达到最高值。添加发酵菌剂可加速烟梗有机肥的腐熟,堆体最高温度为67℃,高温(≥50℃)持续时间延长,有机肥发酵腐熟周期可缩短5 d。堆肥结束时含水率40.28%,pH7.3,有机质65.05%,GI 86.67%,大于堆肥腐熟指标的临界点(80.00%);肥料样品呈黑褐色,具有土腥味,无烟草气味;含有丰富营养元素,其中含量较高的是氮(2.59%)、钾(6.75%)、磷(0.48%)和铁(338.10 mg/kg)等。Producing of organic fertilizer from tobacco stems by aerobic fermentation was tested in an in-house fermentation apparatus.The temperature,moisture content,pH,organic matter,germination index（GI） in fermentation were tested and the major nutrients in the fertilizer were analyzed.The results showed that with no exogenous nutrient,the temperature of tobacco stems raised quickly and up to its highest value in about 10 days.The process was accelerated by microbial agent application.The maximum temperature of pile was 67 ℃ and the longer duration of high temperature（≥50 ℃） might shorten the fermentation period by 5 days.At the end of fermentation,the fertilizer＇s moisture content,pH and organic matter were 40.28%,7.3 and 65.05%,respectively;GI was 86.67%,which was higher than the critical point of compost maturity index（80.00%）.Fertilizer sample was dark brown in color and free of tobacco smell.It offered an earthy odor and contained rich nutrients,including nitrogen（2.59%）,potassium（6.75%）,phosphorus（0.48%）,iron（338.10 mg/kg） among others.

关 键 词：烟梗 发酵 有机肥 发酵菌剂 

分 类 号：TS49[农业科学—烟草工业]