古代丝织品文物霉斑清洗的生物学方法探析  

Explorative Analysis on Cleaning Mildew Stain on Ancient Silk Culture Products by Using Biological Method

作　　者：郭敏[1] 熊涛[1] 邱祖明 吴顺清 田志宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]湖北省荆州文物保护中心,湖北荆州434020

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第34期19857-19860,19862,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAK20B02)

摘　　要：[目的]为古代丝织品文物的保护提供参考。[方法]综述了古代丝织品的材质、种类、文物保护现状、霉斑清洗技术等,介绍了生物技术保护丝织品文物的优势。[结果]古代丝织品的材料为蚕丝,根据织物组织结构、经纬线组合方式、加工工艺、绸面的外观形态及质地可将其分为14大类和34小类;目前我国各市区博物馆馆藏丝织品文物出现霉斑污染的报告较少;导致丝织物产生霉斑的霉菌大多分属于曲霉属、青霉属、分支孢子菌属、新月菌属、胶霉属、链孢霉属、木霉属等;丝织品文物霉斑的清洗方法主要为化学法;生物技术保护丝织品文物具有清洗过程更加环保、安全,清洗废液无毒、易降解等优势。[结论]生物技术处理可安全、科学、有效地延长古代丝织品文物的寿命。[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for protecting ancient silk culture products.[Method] The material and texture,species,protection status of culture products,cleaning technique of mildew stain of ancient silk goods were summarized and the advantage of protecting silk culture products by biotechnology was introduced.[Result] The material of ancient silk goods was natural silk.Based on texture structure of silk products,combination mode of longitude and latitude lines,processing technology,appearance shape and texture of silk surface,the ancient silk goods could be classified into 14 categories and 34 sub-categories.At present,the reports on the occurrence of mildew stain pollution of collected silk culture products in Chinese municipal museums were less.Most moulds inducing mildew stain formation on silk goods belong to Aspergillus,Penicillium,Cladosporium,Selenomonas,Syngliocladium,Neurospora and Trichoderma.The major cleaning methods of mildew stain on silk culture products were chemical methods.Protecting silk culture products by biotechnology had advantages,such as more environmental protective and safe cleaning process,non-toxic and easy-to-degrade cleaning waste water.[Conclusion] Treatment with biotechnology could safely,scientifically and effectively prolong the life of ancient silk culture products.

关 键 词：丝织品 霉斑 分离纯化 生物表面活性剂 脂肪酶 

分 类 号：TS145.29[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]