水文学演进历程的特征剖析  

Characteristics of Evolution Course in Hydrology

作　　者：任立良[1] 刘和远[1] 袁飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210098

出　　处：《黑龙江大学工程学报》2010年第4期24-28,39,共6页Journal of Engineering of Heilongjiang University

基　　金：科技部科技基础性专项项目<中国水文学方法研究体系>(2009IM020104)和<水文学方法研究>(2007FY140900);水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室学术创新团队项目(2009585412);教育部和国家外专局"111计划"项目(B08048)资助

摘　　要：在重温水文学定义和内涵之基础上,比较了近代大物理学背景下水文学与天文学演进的历程,并按照描述性—解释性—人本性的思路,勾画了水文学发展历程的特征,梳理出水文学发展沿革的两条主线:①从问题维度出发,依照水文学所回答或解决的问题,把水文学划分为"地理水文学—工程(应用)水文学—水资源水文学";②从学科维度出发,根据水文学不同时期重点研究的内容和研究方法,将水文学的发展方向诠释为"物理水文—化学(环境)水文—生态水文"。最后指出:生态水文是水文科学解决全球变化以及由此引发的各类水问题的新途径、新方法,也是水文科学的前沿方向。On the basis of reviewing definition of hydrology,the evolution course of hydrology and astronomy under the background of modern physics were compared.According to the descriptive-explanatory-humanistic ideological system,the two main routes of evolution course in hydrological sciences were delineated.One is ＇geographical hydrology-engineering/applied hydrology-water resources hydrology＇ from the viewpoint of problems that hydrology should solve/answer at different decades.The other is ＇physics hydrology-chemistry/environmental hydrology-ecohydrology＇ from the angle of disciplines,including key contents and methodologies,which hydrology should focus at corresponding periods.It is pointed from the analyses above that ecohydrology is new approach to cope with global change issue,and new frontier direction in the field of hydrology.

关 键 词：水文学 方法论 水循环 水量平衡 

分 类 号：P33[天文地球—水文科学]