预测特征竞争范式下的特征推理方式  

HOW PEOPLE PREDICTED WHEN CATEGORIZATION WAS UNCERTAIN IN A COMPETITIVE PARADIGM

作　　者：陈琳[1] 莫雷[2] 李红[3] 胡诚[4] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学国际汉语学院,广州510275 [2]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心,广州510631 [3]广东金融学院劳动经济与人力资源管理系,广州510521 [4]财政部会计资格评价中心,北京100045

出　　处：《心理与行为研究》2010年第4期241-245,共5页Studies of Psychology and Behavior

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目招标课题(05JZD00034)资助

摘　　要：当面临归类不确定的情景时,人们的特征推理是基于类别进行,还是基于特征联结进行,一直是类别研究中的重要内容。本研究采用预测特征竞争范式对这一问题进行了探究。共两个实验:实验1采用预测特征竞争范式探讨推理前预先归类时,人们的推理方式是基于类别还是基于特征联结。实验2采用预测特征竞争范式探讨推理前不预先归类时,人们的推理是基于类别还是基于特征联结。实验结果表明,推理前预先归类时,被试倾向于基于类别进行推理。推理前不预先归类时,被试倾向于根据特征联结进行推理。One of the most important functions of category was to predict unknown features.But when categorization was uncertain,how did people predict？ Based on categories or based on feature associations？ A new paradigm in which there were two competitive predicted features was used to investigate it.In the new paradigm,there were two to-be-predicted features;the feature probability of Feature 1 was higher than the Feature 2.If people made predictions based on categories,they would make a higher probability judgment for Feature 1.For feature associations with known features,Feature 2 was higher than Feature 1.If people predicted based on feature associations,they would make a higher probability judgment for Feature 2.There were two experiments;Experiment 1 was interested in how people predicted when categorizations were ordered before prediction.Experiment 2 explored people made predictions based on categories or feature associations when categorizations weren＇t ordered before prediction.The results found that when categorizations were ordered participants predicted based on categories,while categorizations were not ordered,people inclined to predict based on feature associations.The results indicated that people make predictions in an economical cognition processing approach.

关 键 词：基于类别的特征推理 特征联结 预测特征 竞争范式 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]