废油脂制备烷醇酰胺表面活性剂的工艺研究  

Production of alkanolamide surfactant from waste oil

作　　者：龚旌[1] 

机构地区：[1]闽江学院化学与化学工程系,福州350108

出　　处：《中国油脂》2011年第2期52-55,共4页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：福建省科技创新资金项目(2007C0006)

摘　　要：以废油脂为原料,在自制DYD催化剂作用下制得脂肪酸甲酯,再以氢氧化钾为催化剂,与二乙醇胺合成烷醇酰胺。考察了催化剂用量,脂肪酸甲酯与二乙醇胺摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、真空度等因素对反应的影响,通过单因素试验和析因试验确定出最佳工艺条件为:n(脂肪酸甲酯):n(二乙醇胺)=1:1.55,反应温度110℃,反应时间2.5 h,真空度0.08 MPa,催化剂用量0.65%(基于脂肪酸甲酯的质量)。最佳条件下,烷醇酰胺的收率达96.3%。通过红外光谱仪对产物进行了结构表征,并对其界面张力进行了测定。结果表明,合成了目标产物,产物具有较好的界面活性。Waste oil was used as the raw material to synthesize fatty acid methyl esters with the catalyst of self-prepared DYD, then the methyl esters was reacted with diethanolamine to obtain alkanolamide by catalysis with potassium hydroxide. The influence of dosage of catalyst, molar ratio of methyl esters to diethanolamine,reaction temperature, reaction time, degree of vacuum on the reaction was studied. The optimum process was optimized by single -factor experiment and analytical factor experiment as follows： molar ratio of methyl esters to diethanolamine 1 ： 1.55, reaction temperature 110 ℃, reaction time 2.5 h, degree of vacuum 0. 08 MPa, dosage of catalyst 0.65 % （ based on the mass of fatty acid methyl esters）. Under the optimum conditions,the alkanolamide yield was 96.3%. The synthesized product was characterized through infrared spectrogram and its interface tension was determined. The results showed that the products were of excellent interface activity.

关 键 词：废油脂 烷醇酰胺 表面活性剂 工艺 

分 类 号：TS229[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TQ645[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]