变温对烟蚜茧蜂低温贮藏存活特性的影响  

Effects of Fluctuating Thermal Regimes on the Survival of Cold-Exposed Parasitoid Wasps Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead

作　　者：唐文颖[1] 张燕[1] 郑方强[1] 墨铁路[1] 刘同先[2] 许永玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018 [2]西北农林科技大学植保学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2011年第3期493-499,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2009DM031);山东省利用全球环境基金赠款科研项目(TF090802)

摘　　要：【目的】明确变温对烟蚜茧蜂低温存活的影响,以及不同寄主僵蚜经低温贮藏后羽化率的差异,寻找烟蚜茧蜂在低温贮藏过程中的最适条件及寄主。【方法】以烟蚜和麦二叉蚜僵蚜为试验材料,经不同变温(4℃22 h/20℃2 h,4℃46 h/20℃2 h,4℃70 h/20℃2 h)处理后,比较烟蚜茧蜂羽化率、雄虫比和后足胫节长度的变化。【结果】经不同变温处理的僵蚜与恒定低温(4℃)处理相比,烟蚜茧蜂的羽化率有所提高,寄主为烟蚜的僵蚜羽化率经过4℃22 h/20℃2 h(T1)处理2周后最高,为78.33%;寄主为麦二叉蚜的僵蚜羽化率经过4℃46 h/20℃2 h(T2)处理1周后最高,为68.33%。雄虫比变化不显著,均在0.3—0.5。低温贮藏后,寄主为烟蚜的僵蚜羽化率略高于麦二叉蚜,且雄虫比和后代蜂雌雄蜂后足胫节长度差异不显著。【结论】变温处理后的烟蚜茧蜂羽化率高于恒定低温,且变温与恒低温贮藏后雄虫比例均比雌虫比例低。变温贮藏技术更适于烟蚜茧蜂的繁殖与释放。【Objective】The effect of fluctuating thermal regimes（FTRs） and the different hosts on the cold survival of the parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis at mummy stage were studied to find out the best conditions and host for the cold-exposured storage of A.gifuensis.【Method】The emergence rate,male proportion and metathoracic tibia length of the A.gifuensis were recorded and analyzed after treatments of FTRs（4℃ 22 h/20℃ 2 h,4℃ 46 h/20℃ 2 h,4℃ 70 h/20℃ 2 h） on the different mummies of Myzus persicae and Schizaphis graminum.【Result】Compared with the control of constant low temperatue（4℃）,the emergence rate of cold-exposured A.gifuensis was improved under the treatments of FTRs.The emergence rate in mummies of M.persicae after 2 weeks of 4℃ 22 h/20℃ 2 h（T1） treatment was the highest（78.33%）,while the emergence rate in mummies of S.graminum after 1 week of 4℃ 46 h/20℃ 2 h（T2） treatment was the highest（68.33%）.There were no significant effects on the male proportion（0.3-0.5） under different temperature treatments.However,the emergence rate in mummies of M.persicae was significantly higher than that of S.graminum,and there were no significant differences in the male proportions and the metathoracic tibia length.【Conclusion】The emergence rate of A.gifuensis under treatments of FTRs was higher than that of the control（exposed at 4℃）,and the male proportion was lower than the female proportion.The 2 weeks of 4℃ 22 h/20℃ 2 h treatment in mummies of M.persicae was the best conditions for the production and release of A.gifuensis.

关 键 词：烟蚜茧蜂 烟蚜 麦二叉蚜 低温贮藏 变温 

分 类 号：S476.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]