近年渤海与黄海北部沿岸底栖贝类体内微污染物的分布特征  

Distribution Characteristics of Trace Pollutants in Benthic Mussels from the Coastal Areas of Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea

作　　者：刘文新[1] 邱炜珣[1] 陈江麟[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [2]国家海洋局北海标准计量中心,青岛266033

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第2期445-451,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2007AA06Z408)

摘　　要：根据近几年的海洋常规监测数据,确定渤海及黄海北部沿岸底栖贝类体内典型微污染物的含量及其空间分布.结果表明,在36%以上的站点中,贝类体内石油烃含量超过国家海洋生物质量第Ⅰ类标准(15μg/g,湿重,下同),尤其是大连湾和河北新村附近海域贝类体内含量甚至高出第Ⅲ类标准(80μg/g,以湿重计),并且,近年来大部分海域贻贝体内的PHCs都保持在较高水平(高于第Ⅰ类标准).重金属As和Pb在少数站点(如烟台海水养殖区和莱州湾)出现相对高值;而Cd和Hg的高值站点(超过第Ⅱ类标准,Cd为2 000 ng/g,以湿重计,Hg为100 ng/g,以湿重计)则分别位于大连湾和河北新村海区.另外,贝类体内的Hg含量在辽东湾、山东半岛附近海域呈现逐年增加的变化趋势.在所有监测站点,底栖贝类体内PCBs和HCHs的含量通常较低.但与金属Hg相似,在辽东湾等部分海域,贝类体内两者的浓度也表现出递增的年际变化特点.新近的监测结果显示,底栖贝类体内DDTs含量的高值站点(超过第Ⅰ类标准,10 ng/g,以湿重计)大部分集中在渤海湾的河北省沿岸(如赵家堡和新村).这些海域连续多年的监测结果表明,除历史残留外,附近可能存在新的DDT输入源.据此,在大连湾、河北新村附近海域,底栖贝类体内石油烃PHCs、Cd和Hg含量相当高(超过第Ⅱ类标准),可视为较高潜在生态风险区;而对于近年来贻贝体内浓度呈现逐年上升趋势(如Hg、PCBs和HCHs)的沿岸海区,如辽东湾、山东半岛周边的黄海海域需要给予必要的重视.Based on the recent monitoring results,the concentration and distribution of persistent toxic substances in the benthic mussels from the coastal areas of Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea were determined.The results indicated that,at over 36% of the total sampling sites,the tissue concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons were higher than the Category Ⅰ value（15 μg/g,wet weight） of the national marine biological quality standards,especially at the sites near Dalian Bay and Xincun in Hebei Province,the tissue concentrations even exceeded the Category Ⅲ level（80 μg/g,wet weight）.Moreover,higher tissue concentration of PHCs（over the Category Ⅰ level） during recent years remained in the most monitoring sea areas.At minor sites（mariculture zone in Yantai and Laizhou Bay）,the tissue concentrations of As and Pb were relatively higher,and the high levels of Cd（above the Category Ⅱ value of 2 000 ng/g,wet weight） and Hg（above the Category Ⅱ value of 100 ng/g,wet weight） in mussel bodies presented at several sites situated in coastal areas near Dalian Bay and Xincun of Hebei Province.Additionally,at the sampling sites near Liaodong Bay and Shandong Peninsula,the tissue concentration of Hg showed an annual increase during recent years.At all the monitoring sites,the tissue concentrations of PCBs and HCHs were usually low,while as the case of Hg,the tissue concentrations of PCBs and HCHs in Liaodong Bay increased gradually in these years.The new monitoring results indicated that,most sites with DDTs levels in benthic mussels higher than the CategoryⅠvalue（10 ng/g,wet weight） were located in the coastal areas of Hebei Province belonged to Bohai Bay（such as Zhaojiapu and Xincun）.The continuous monitoring in these sea areas demonstrated that,in addition to the historical residues,there may be some fresh input sources of DDT nearby.Consequently,in the neighboring sea areas of Dalian Bay and Xincun,the tissue concentrations of PHCs,Cd and Hg were fairly high（all over their CategoryⅡva

关 键 词：微污染物 分布 底栖贝类 渤海沿岸 黄海北部沿岸 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]