乌梁素海周围盐化潮土钠质化特征  

Sodicity Properties of Saline Fluvo-aquic Soils around Wuliangsuhai Lake

作　　者：刘骏[1] 于会彬[2,3] 谢森[4] 席北斗[3] 蒋进元[3] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部化学品登记中心,北京100012 [2]常州大学环境与安全工程学院,江苏常州213164 [3]中国环境科学研究院水环境系统工程研究室,北京100012 [4]湘潭大学环境工程系,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2011年第2期229-235,共7页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07106-001;2009ZX07207-004)

摘　　要：以乌梁素海周围盐角草(CSE)、碱蓬(CSG)、盐爪爪(CKF)和苦豆子(CSA)群落的盐化潮土为研究对象,分别采集0～20,>20～40,>40～60和>60～80 cm共16个混合土样.测定土壤pH,含水量,含盐量,钠吸附比(SAR)和交换性钠离子百分率(ESP)等指标,分析了土壤的碱化特征.结果表明:CSE土壤剖面含盐量,SAR和ESP的平均值最高,其次为CSG,CKF和CSA土壤.CSE土壤金属离子总量最大,其次为CSG,CKF和CSA;阳离子以Ca2+和Na+为主,阴离子以Cl-和SO24-为主,而CO32-和HCO3-含量极低.土壤盐分主要以氯化物和硫酸盐为主,碳酸盐以碳酸钙形式存在.ESP与含盐量(R2=0.834,P=0.000 8)和SAR(R2=0.862,P=0.000 2)之间均呈现显著的正相关,ESP随着含盐量和SAR的增大而增大,SAR可以替代ESP的测量.土壤剖面盐分的分布状况是在降水、蒸发、灌溉和地下水等因素的综合作用下形成的.Sixteen composite soil samples from different depths（0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm and 60-80 cm） were collected from four different halophyte communities,namely,Comm.Salicornia europaea（CSE）,Comm.Suaeda glauca（CSG）,Comm.Kalidium foliatum（CKF） and Comm.Sophora alopecuroides（CSA） located around Wuliangsuhai Lake.Based on measuring exchangeable sodium ion percentage（ESP）,sodium absorption rate（SAR）,pH,moisture and salinity,the salinization properties of saline fluvo-aquic soils were analyzed.The results showed that the means of salinity,ESP and SAR in CSE profile were highest,followed by CSG,CKF and CSA.The total contents of metal ions were highest in CSE profile,followed by CSG,CKF and CSA.The major cations were Ca2 ＋ and Na ＋,while the major anions were Cl-and SO42-,though the contents of CO32-and HCO3-were less.Chloride and sulphate were the main soil salinity,and carbonate existed as calcium carbonate.ESP was significantly and positively correlated with salinity（R2 = 0.834,P = 0.0008） and SAR（R2 = 0.862,P = 0.0002）,indicating that ESP increases with the rise of salinity and SAR,and SAR can be used as a surrogate for ESP.The distribution of salts in soil profiles is formed from the combined effect of precipitation,evaporation,irrigation,groundwater,etc.

关 键 词：盐碱化 盐化潮土 钠质化 乌梁素海 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]