北京现代都市低碳农业的前景与策略  

Prospect and Strategy for Low-carbon Agriculture Development in Modern City of Beijing

作　　者：梁龙[1] 杜章留[1] 吴文良[1] 孟凡乔[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2011年第2期130-136,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30970533);十一五国家科技支撑项目(No.2006BAD17B05);国际科技合作项目(No.2009DFA91790)

摘　　要：现代都市发展低碳农业是降低温室气体排放,实现国家宏观战略目标的重要组成部分。本文对低碳农业的定义、特征进行了初步阐述,认为低碳农业是通过技术改进和制度创新建立起来的一种低投、高产、低(负)碳、生态的现代农业,具有系统开放性、技术集成性、生命周期性、过程安全性四个特征。利用碳汇/源平衡方法分析北京农业现状,结果表明:目前北京农业领域的碳源与汇分别为10-20 TgCO2eq.a-1和10.23-14.16 TgCO2eq.a-1,碳源基本稳定,碳汇还有较大的发展潜力。根据北京市生态特点和未来农业的定位,发展低碳农业,在技术层面上,可以加强与种植相关的土壤碳汇建设,与养殖相关的减排和其他减排技术;在制度层面上,建立农业布局调整机制,大力发展清洁生产机制、生态补偿机制、农业准入机制和综合调节机制。预测北京低碳农业的前景,初步估算未来北京农业的碳汇潜力可以达到20-30 TgCO2eq.a-1,直接的碳源可以减少到4-5 TgCO2eq.a-1。通过发展低碳农业,不仅可以抵消农业碳源,还能抵消6%-10%总温室气体,真正起到净碳汇功能。To develop the low-carbon agriculture in modern city is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emission,which is one of the important component parts to realize national macroscopical strategy.In this paper,we propose the definition and characteristics for the low-carbon agriculture.It is regarded as a modern agriculture system with low input,high productivity,low（i.e.,negative） carbon and being eco-friendly,which can be established through technology improvement and system creation.The low-carbon agriculture has four characteristics,namely open system,integrated technology,life-cycle management and process safety.Using the balanced method of carbon source/sink,we analyze the situation of agriculture in Beijing.The results indicate that the carbon source and carbon sink are 10-20 TgCO2eq·a-1 and 10.23-14.16 TgCO2eq·a-1 respectively,the carbon source might keep a stable level,and carbon sink has a great potential.According to the specific eco-characteristics and the future position of agriculture in Beijing,the development of low-carbon agriculture at a technical level should be focused on the soil carbon sink and breeding techniques,which is closely related to cultivation system and greenhouse emission.At the institutional level,we should establish a mechanism that can adjust and optimize the patterns of agricultural production,and development of cleaner production mechanism,ecological compensation mechanism,agricultural market access mechanism and integrated regulating mechanism should also be taken into account.For the prospect of the low-carbon agriculture in Beijing,the preliminary results indicate that the amount of carbon sink potential might reach to 20-30 TgCO2eq·a-1,and the direct carbon source might decrease to 4-5 TgCO2eq·a-1.In conclusion,through the application of the low-carbon agriculture in Beijing,the agricultural carbon source might be offset,and total carbon dioxide emission from greenhouse gases also might reduce by 6%-10%.Hence,the development of low-carbon agriculture might actually play

关 键 词：低碳农业 都市现代农业 碳汇 碳源 策略 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学] F290