汽车-行人碰撞中人体下肢骨折的有限元分析  

Finite element analysis of lower extremity fractures in vehicle-pedestrian collision

作　　者：韩勇[1] 杨济匡[1,2] 李凡[1] 刘凯扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082 [2]查尔摩斯大学应用力学系,瑞典哥德堡41296

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2011年第1期6-11,共6页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：教育部高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(111-2-11);'863'国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA110101);通用汽车研究与发展中心项目(GM-RD209);湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室自主研究项目(60870004)

摘　　要：改进了人体下肢有限元模型,这个模型包括骨盆、股骨、髌骨、胫骨、腓骨、足骨,以及主要的肌腱、膝关节囊、半月板和韧带。整个模型采用实体单元,壳单元和线性弹簧阻尼单元模拟骨骼和软组织。比较实验与仿真中下肢的动力学响应参数与损伤分布,仿真模型的动力学响应参数与损伤分布与实验吻合较好。应用多体动力学系统(MBS)与已验证的下肢模型对真实的汽车与行人碰撞事故进行多刚体系统及损伤重建,结果表明:本文提出的人体下肢模型具有较好的生物逼真度和生物力学响应,可应用于人体下肢损伤机理及开发损伤防护设施的研究。A finite element model of the human lower extremity was improved based on the geometry of human skeleton anatomy. The model consists of the pelvis, the femur, the patella, the tibia, the fibula, the foot bones, the primary tendons, the knee joint capsule, the meniscus and ligaments. In the model the bones and soft tissues were simulated by the solid element, the shell element, and the linear spring-damper element. The comparison of the model simulated dynamic response parameters and injury distribution of the human lower extremity with the shearing-bending cadaver tests described in literature proved the validity of the model. The validated human lower extremity model and an existing pedestrian multi-body model were used to reconstruct the multi-body system and its injuries in the real-world vehicle-pedestrian collision accident, and the results show that the proposed model is characterized by better biofidelity and biomechanical response than the existing one, being helpful to the study of lower extremity injuries and the development of injury protection devices.

关 键 词：车辆工程 有限元模型 下肢损伤 损伤机理 车辆-行人事故 

分 类 号：U461.91[机械工程—车辆工程]