新疆雪豹种群密度监测方法探讨  

Monitoring of Population Density of Snow Leopard in Xinjiang

作　　者：马鸣[1] 徐峰[1] Bariushaa Munkhtsog 吴逸群[1] Tomas McCarthy Kyle McCarthy 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]蒙古科学院生物研究所 [3]国际雪豹基金会

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2011年第1期79-83,共5页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑项目(2008BAC39B04);国家自然科学基金(30470262;30970340)

摘　　要：2004—2010年间,前后累计270多天,新疆雪豹研究小组在新疆北塔山、阿尔泰山、昆仑山、天山东部和托木尔峰地区20多个地点（山谷）,对雪豹（Uncia uncia）的痕迹进行了全面调查,共计完成150多条样线,总长度接近190 km,痕迹数平均为1~3个.·km^-1。记录到的痕迹有粪团、嗅痕（气味标记）、足迹链、刨痕（刨坑）、爪痕、卧迹、毛发、尿迹、血迹、剩余食物（动物尸体）和吼声等。通过痕迹学的分析,初步掌握雪豹的领域范围、分布规律和相对密度。之后开展了红外相机拍摄、雪豹食物资源普查、市场毛皮调查、贸易通道调查、杀戮案件搜集、民间问卷调查、非政府组织（NGO）社区服务与牧业冲突调研等工作。同期布设红外相机36台,约2 094个照相日,计50 256 h,回收胶卷71个,回收清晰雪豹照片32张,平均拍摄率或＂捕获率＂（capture rate）达1.53%。确定在托木尔峰250 km^2范围内有5~8只雪豹活动,密度为2.0~3.2只·（100 km^2）^-1。在比较分析各种监测结果的基础上,讨论了新疆雪豹种群密度不同监测方法的优点与局限性。The snow leopard（Uncia uncia） is a very rare species in China.The survey of traces of snow leopard in Kunlun,Altay and Tianshan is the main step of the ＂Project of Snow Leopard in Xinjiang＂ supported by the International Snow Leopard Trust（SLT） and the Xinjiang Conservation Fund（XCF）.During the field survey from 2004 to 2010,the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group（XSLG） spent about 270 days in over 20 different places,covering over 150 transects totaling nearly 190 km,and found 1-3 traces per kilometer.The traces of snow leopard recorded include dung,odor,chains of footprints,scraping,paw nail marks,lying mark,fur,urine,bloodstain,leftover of prey corpse,roaring and others.Based on tracerima analyses,the XSLG got to know primarily scopes of the domains,distribution and relative density of the snow leopard in these areas.Then the group began to take infrared photos,conducted survey of food sources of the leopards,investigated fur market and paths of trading,and cases of killing,and carry out civil survey through questionnaire,non-government organization community service and research on conflicts between grazing and wildlife protection.A total of 36 infrared cameras were laid out,working a total of about 2 094 days or 50 256 hours.A total 71 rolls of film were collected and developed,including 32 clear pictures of snow leopards,thus making up a shooting rate or capture rate of 1.53%.It was ascertained that in Tomur Peak area,there were 5-8 snow leopards roaming within a range of 250 km2,forming a population density of 2.0-3.2 per 100 km^2.After comparing the various monitoring results,the advantages and limitations of different monitoring methods have been discussed.

关 键 词：雪豹 监测方法 痕迹 红外相机 相对密度 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]