毛乌素沙地南缘不同耕作措施土壤酶和微生物区系的特征  

Characters of different tillage treatments on soil enzymes and microflora in the southern Mu Us desert

作　　者：曹伟鹏[1] 吴发启[1] 雷金银[2] 赵龙山[1] 云峰[1] 于小玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第1期88-95,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家林业部科技项目"08毛乌素沙地植被恢复"(K313020806)

摘　　要：选取了典型的干旱半干旱农牧交错带农田作为研究对象,在连续6年的长期定位试验基础上探究了不同耕作措施下土壤酶和土壤微生物区系的特征,用逐步回归法建立了土壤养分与土壤酶和土壤微生物的最优回归模型。结果表明：（1）0~20 cm土层中,过氧化氢酶在免耕措施下活性最高;磷酸酶活性秸秆覆盖和免耕措施显著高于翻耕和覆膜措施;脲酶活性秸秆覆盖措施最低;蔗糖酶活性秸秆覆盖措施显著高于其它措施。在20~40 cm土层中,免耕措施下磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性较高。（2）剖面上过氧化氢酶活性随土层深度增加在秸秆覆盖措施下呈现逐渐递减,在免耕措施下呈现先增大后减弱的趋势,40 cm以下土层翻耕措施过氧化氢酶活性较0~40 cm有所增大;磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随土层深度增加减弱,免耕和秸秆覆盖措施下酶活性分层明显。（3）0~20 cm土层微生物数量变化最大,20~40 cm土层变化较小。在微生物数量差异大的0~20 cm土层,秸秆覆盖和免耕措施下细菌、真菌、放线菌数量显著高于翻耕和覆膜措施下的菌数。（4）剖面上微生物数量总体上随着土层加深数量减少,其中秸秆覆盖和免耕措施下层次间微生物的数量差异明显。Farmland in typical arid and semiarid agro-pastoral ecotone was selected to explore characteristics of soil enzymes and microflora in different tillage treatments based on six-year experiment.The results indicate： 1） In 0～20 cm soil layer,catalase activity was the highest in the NT measure;phosphatase activity was significantly higher in SM and NT measures than CT and FM measures;urease activity was the lowest in SM measures;sucrase activity was significantly higher in SM measures than in the remaining measure.In 20～40 cm soil layer,phosphatase,urease and invertase activity was high in NT measure.2） Catalase activity was decreased with soil depth increased in the SM measure,increased first and then decreased in NT measure;in 40～60 cm soil layer catalase activity was higher than in 0～40 cm in CT measure;the remaining soil enzymes activities（phosphatase,urease,invertase） were decreased with soil depth increasing,obvious stratification in NT and SM measures.3） The number of soil microorganisms was varimax in 0～20 cm,changed little in 20～40 cm soil layer.In 0～20 cm layer the number of soil microorganisms were significantly higher in SM and NT measure than in CT and FM measures.4） The number of soil microorganisms were decreased with soil depth increasing in soil vertical section,the number of soil microorganisms differed significantly in SM and NT measures.

关 键 词：耕作措施 土壤微生物 养分 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]