心理模拟在语言理解中的作用  

The Role of Mental Simulation in Language Comprehension

作　　者：杨洁[1] 舒华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第1期71-76,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT0710);北京市自然科学基金项目(7092051);北京市教育委员会共建项目(SYS100270661)资助

摘　　要：心理模拟在语言理解中的作用逐渐受到人们重视。相关理论包括知觉符号系统理论、语言的神经理论和语言与情境模拟理论。行为研究发现感知觉运动信息与语言理解存在交互作用,而脑机制研究显示感知觉运动脑区参与语言理解。目前的研究对于心理模拟参与语言理解的机制仍缺乏细致探讨,导致结果存在矛盾之处。对隐喻语言里心理模拟作用的探讨也需加强。此外,心理模拟系统如何与语言学信息交互作用的相关假设也需要完善。The mechanism of language comprehension is a fundamental issue in the psychological field.The amodal theory hypothesizes that semantic knowledge is represented in the human mind as arbitrary symbols which can form larger units such as the feature list,frame,schema and semantic nets.The embodied theory,which is based on the Hebb learning theory and mirror neuron studies,claims the view contrary to the amodal theory.In the embodied view,semantic knowledge is represented in the human mind as the mental simulation of the corresponding sensory-motor processing,and when semantic knowledge is processed,the neural system responsible for the actual sensory-motor processing is involved. The representative view of the embodied theory includes the perceptual symbol system view（Barsalou,1999）,the neural theory of language（Feldman and Narayanan,2004） and the language and situation simulation theory（Simmons et al.,2008）.The perceptual symbol system view holds that the sensory-motor system can capture the perception information from the outside world and the inside world.The perceptual signals are the simulation of the information.The neural theory of language maintains that semantic knowledge learning is based on the interaction of the human body and the outside environment,and word meaning is represented as the simulation of the described situation.Figurative language and arbitrary words can get their meaning from the concrete words.The language and situation simulation theory claims that both linguistic system and situation simulation system engage in language processing.The linguistic system is responsible for the word form processing and is activated earlier.When the linguistic system is activated,the simulation system is activated too,simulating the perceptual,motor,and mental situation depicted by the language. Researchers conducted many behavioral and neuroimaging studies to explore the role of mental simulation in language comprehension.Behavioral studies found that the sensory features of a word could influ

关 键 词：语言理解 心理模拟 体验式语义表征 感知觉运动系统 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]