依恋表征的意识和无意识性初探  

A Preliminary Study of Unconscious/Conscious Process of Adult Attachment Representation

作　　者：王争艳[1] 汪斌 林青[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市学习与认知重点实验室首都师范大学教育学院心理系,北京100089 [2]北森测评技术有限公司,北京100085

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第1期119-124,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部青年人文社会科学研究基金项目(09YJCXLX022);2010年度北京市属高等学校人才强教深化计划中青年骨干人才项目(PHR201008060);北京市属高等学校人才强教深化计划"学术创新团队建设计划"项目的资助

摘　　要：采用关系等级问卷、亲密关系经历问卷和内隐联想测验(IAT)分别作为研究依恋表征的外显和内隐的测量工具,以103名处于恋爱关系中的大学生和研究生为被试,探讨一般依恋表征和特殊依恋表征的意识性与无意识性以及它们的一致性。结果发现:(1)一般依恋表征和特殊依恋表征中,安全型和恐惧型的个体在无意识层面上的反应时表现与外显理论相符,过度投入型的被试意识和无意识的表现不一致;(2)个体在无意识水平上对目标人物积极评价的差异与个体在意识水平上的依恋状况(一般依恋关系和婚恋关系)有关。(3)一般依恋表征中过度投入型和冷漠型被试,内隐联想测验和外显依恋量表结果一致的占33%;特殊依恋表征中过度投入型和冷漠型被试,内隐联想测验和外显依恋量表结果一致的占37%。One conceptualizes IWMs in a manner resembling the dynamic unconscious by which relational experience is interpreted through the perceptual-affective schemas of infancy;these prelinguistic models have enduring influence but remain largely inaccessible to conscious reflection. The other conceptualizes IWMs as resembling other conscious representational models like scripts and schemas that evolve developmentally and can be consciously accessed.Usually,the measuring method of IWMs was self-report,but it can＇t achieve the unconsciousness of attachment representation.So the Implicit Association Test（IAT） paradigm was introduced.General attachment representation and specific-relationship attachment representation are the two different structures in adult attachment,which are formed in different period.The purpose of this study was to examine the consciousness and unconsciousness in general attachment representation and specific-relationship attachment representation, and to investigate the consistency between them.In a sample of 103 undergraduates and graduates who were in a romantic relationship, individuals＇ general attachment representation was measured using the Relationship Scales Questionnaire（RSQ）,the specific-relationship attachment representation were assessed with the Experiences in Close Relationship（ECR）.The Implicit Association Test（IAT） was to measure the implicit attachment representation,with positive and negative both having 12 words,and the subjects needed to write 4 words for each target figures（self/parent/lover）.The IAT procedure included three trials,which were self parent,self lover and parent lover, respectively.Every trial displayed positive or negative words with target figure words.The response time（RT） revealed the extent of the relationship between the two psychological variables,and thus we could know the bias of different attachment types.The results showed that （1） In general attachment representation and specific-relationship attachment representation,the

关 键 词：一般依恋表征 特殊依恋表征 内隐联想测验 意识 无意识 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]