内、外归因个体自发特质推理与自发情境推理的比较  

The Relationship Between Conscious Attribution and Spontaneous Trait Inferences and Spontaneous Situational Inferences

作　　者：闫秀梅[1,2] 王美芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250014 [2]济南大学教育与心理科学学院,济南250022

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第1期155-159,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：山东省"泰山学者"建设工程专项经费(鲁政办发(2004)91号);山东省"十一五"强化建设重点学科-建设经费(鲁教研字(2006)4号);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2009CM080)资助

摘　　要：通过探测词再认范式的变式,考察了个体的自发特质推理与自发情境推理。实验1发现,当给个体呈现既隐含特质又隐含情境的行为句子时,个体既进行自发特质推理又进行自发情境推理。实验2表明,内、外归因的个体均能够进行自发特质推理和自发情境推理,但内归因个体的自发特质推理与自发情境推理无显著差异,而外归因个体的自发情境推理强于自发特质推理。A large body of research conducted in Western countries has provided convincing evidence for the generation of spontaneous trait inferences（STIs）.In addition,many studies have shown that the activation of spontaneous situational inferences（SSIs） is possible.However,earlier research investigated the activation of either STIs or SSIs.Little attention has been paid to exploring whether an STI and an SSI can both occur.Experiment 1 was conducted to test the hypothesis that when stimulus materials allowing the activation of both STIs and SSIs were presented,participants would make both STIs and SSIs. Social life is full of opportunities for people to explain behaviors intentionally.Some people are inclined to make internal explanations,and others are inclined to make external explanations.Internal explanations involve reasons internal to the actor（e.g., personality traits）,and external explanations are those that are outside the actor（e.g.,the situation the actor is in）.Are there any relationships between spontaneous inferences and intentional behavior explanation styles？ The aim of Experiment 2 was to test whether there is a consistent relationship between spontaneous inferences and how behavior is intentionally explained. The present study relied on a modified probe recognition paradigm to measure STIs and STIs.Based on the pretest,ten behavioral sentences that allowed for the highest level of activation of both STI and SSI were selected.For example,the sentence＂X gets an A for the test＂allows for the activation of both the STI＂smart＂and the SSI＂easy＂.During the study,the participants were presented with these sentences after which a probe word was presented on the screen.The participants were instructed to indicate as quickly and accurately as possible whether this probe word was part of the behavior sentence.Experiment 1 found that the participants not only make spontaneous inferences about the characters of other people,but also about the characteristics of the situation a person is

关 键 词：自发特质推理 自发情境推理归因 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]