经验回顾评价中峰-终定律的检验  

A Test of the Peak-End Rule in Retrospective Evaluation on Extended Experiences

作　　者：耿晓伟[1] 郑全全[2] 

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学教育科学学院,烟台264011 [2]浙江大学心理与行为科学学院,杭州310028

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第1期225-229,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学一般项目(10YJCXLX010);山东省自然科学基金专项项目(ZR2009DL001);鲁东大学引进人才基金项目(LY20083901)资助

摘　　要：通过两个实验对经验回顾评价的峰终定律进行检验。实验1借鉴Fredrickson和Kahneman(1993)的实验范式,选取积极和消极视频各6个,要求40名中国大学生边看边评价,看完后给出回顾评价。实验2采用现场研究的方法,要求72名大学生,在黄金周假期中每天晚上评价当天的快乐程度,并分别在假期刚结束后,结束后三周和七周三个时间水平上回顾整个黄金周的快乐程度。结论:短时间内经验回顾评价符合峰-终定律,而长时间内经验回顾评价不符合峰-终定律。The peak-end rule posits that people often make retrospective evaluation of an extended experience based on their most extreme affect experienced during an event（i.e.,peak affect） and near its end（i.e.,end affect）（Kahneman,1993）.Among the studies on which the peak-end rule based（Fredrickson and Kahneman,1993;Schreiber and Kahneman,2000;Redelmeier and Kahneman,1996）,the duration of various experiences was not longer than several weeks.However,in real life many retrospective evaluations on extended experiences are made much later.So,people wonder whether the peak-end rule is right for retrospective evaluation over a long time According to the Accessibility Model of Emotional Self-Report（Robinson Clore,2002）,we supposed that the peak-end rule was right for retrospective evaluation over a short time,but not for retrospective evaluation overa long time. Two experiments were made to test the peak-end rule in retrospective evaluation on extended experiences.In Experiment 1,according to Fredrickson and Kahneman s study in 1993,40 subjects viewed six aversive film clips and six pleasant ones that varied in duration and intensity.They provided real-time ratings of affect during each clip and global evaluations of each clip when it was over on the seven-point scale.Partial correlation analysis was made of the relationship between the global evaluation and real-time evaluation,and showed that the retrospective evaluation on both positive and negative film clips was significantly influenced by the peak and end affect of experience,but not by the duration of experience.In Experiment 2,72 subjects who have experienced the seven-day Golden Week were asked to report their happiness at the end of each day during the holiday and give three retrospective evaluations of the experience of the holiday respectively at the end of the holiday,three weeks later,seven weeks later on the seven-point scale.Regression analysis was made of the relationship between three retrospective evaluations and real-time evaluation and

关 键 词：峰-终定律 回顾评价 即时评价 

分 类 号：B841[哲学宗教—基础心理学]