交通事故中颈部损伤的有限元模型研究现状  

Review of Finite Element Models Used in Neck Injury Caused by Autombile Accidents

作　　者：李娜[1] 柳建新[1] 曾超[1] 陈朝阳 

机构地区：[1]中南大学信息物理工程学院生物医学工程研究所,长沙410083 [2]Wayne State University Bioengineering Center,Detroit

出　　处：《北京生物医学工程》2011年第1期100-104,108,共6页Beijing Biomedical Engineering

基　　金：美国疾病控制与预防中心颈部损伤有限元模型研究资助(R49CCR519751)~~

摘　　要：汽车交通事故是当今世界造成儿童和年轻人死亡的主要原因,其中头颈部的损伤是交通事故中最为常见的致命性损伤。由于碰撞条件复杂和不可重复,再加上尸体和动物研究的伦理问题,致使头颈部损伤机理的实验研究存在较大困难,因此有限元分析在人体头-颈部耐撞性研究得到广泛应用。有限元方法的应用对于交通事故中不同撞击条件损伤程度的评估以及汽车工业损伤保护标准的开发起重要作用。本文从头颈部损伤机理、有限元几何模型获取、有限元网格划分,及所研究材料特性和实验验证方法等方面,对近年来国际上开发的应用有限元模型对交通事故中的头颈部损伤的研究现状进行综述,并对各个模型的优势和特点加以分析归纳,并对未来相关研究提出建议。Head and neck injuries are the most frequent severe injury resulting from traffic accidents, which is the principal cause of child and the young people death. The experimental studies on neck injury mechanisms are difficult due to the variety of impact conditions involved, as well as ethical issues, such as the use of human cadavers and animals. Finite element analysis is a comprehensive computer aided mathematical method,through which human head and neck impact tolerance can be investigated. A representative finite element model of human neck allows the assessment of injurious effects for different impact conditions and enables the development of injury protection criteria in the automotive industries. This paper reviews the articles regarding to finite element analysis （FEA） models for studying neck injury mechanisms and methodology validation,based on the modeling geometry, finite element mesh, biomechanics and tissue test validation. Finally this paper compares and concludes among these finite element models for neck injury for vehicles safety research, and also gives suggestion to the future carsafety study.

关 键 词：交通事故 颈部损伤 有限元模型 力学特性 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]