汶川地震后部分极重灾区人群对心理社会支持的需求  

Needs assessment for the psychosocial support at the severely-affected counties after Wenchuan earthquake

作　　者：管丽丽[1] 向虎[2] 吴霞民[1] 马宁[1] 吴宝明[1] 程文红[3] 马弘[1] 肖泽萍[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学精神卫生研究所卫生部精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),北京100191 [2]四川省精神卫生中心,四川绵阳621000 [3]上海市精神卫生中心,上海200030

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2011年第2期107-112,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：联合国人口基金(UNFPA)项目;Protection and Assistance to Vulnerable Population Affected the Earthquake in China(CHN6P12A)

摘　　要：目的:了解汶川地震后部分极重灾区的受灾群众接受心理社会支持服务的情况及其需求,为灾后精神卫生和心理社会支持服务提供参考信息。方法:震后9个月,对138名来自北川县及安县的受灾群众,采用自编问卷结合访谈进行现场调查。结果:(1)74.6%的灾民希望得到心理帮助,51.4%听说过"心理"、"心理援助"或"心理干预"说法,但仅有34.1%实际接受过心理帮助。(2)接受过心理帮助者认为"帮助很大"的比例更高(23.4%vs.8.4%,P=0.002),灾民得到心理帮助的次数与其对心理帮助的印象呈负相关(r=-0.28,P=0.001)。(3)灾民认为最有用的心理帮助依次为交谈(27.7%)、提供心理支持(23.4%)、了解关心的问题和需要(17.0%)。(4)自从地震以来的9个月和最近的1个月,灾民报告对其心理造成影响的前4位问题为住房问题、失去亲人、生活经济来源问题和就业问题。结论:随着获得心理帮助次数的增多,灾民对心理帮助的印象评价趋向于更好;大部分受灾群众对心理社会支持服务的需求不能得到满足,有必要不断加强基层卫生服务工作者的能力建设,提高服务可及性。卫生部门之内和之外的各种心理社会支持措施应当相互加强且彼此促进,并能针对不同人群的特点和需求。Objective： To understand the psychosocial support needs by the survivals at the severely-affected counties after Wenchuan earthquake, and to provide valuable information for the mental health and psychosocial support services. Methods： Nine months after the earthquake, a field survey was conducted to 138 survivals in Beichuan and Anxian by using of self-formulated questionnaire and in-depth interview. Results： （ 1 ） 74. 6% of the survivals were willing to receive psychological support, 51.4% had heard about ＇psychology＇, psychological assistance＇or ＂psychological intervention ： Merely 34. 1% had received psychological support or assistance. （2） Survivals who had ever received psychological assistance were more likely to think it helped them much （23.4% vs. 8.4%, P = 0. 002） . There was a low correlation （ r = - 0. 28, P = 0. 001 ） between the number of times survivals received psychological assistance and survivals＇impression upon psychosocial support. （3） 27.7% of the survivals thought that communication was a good way to do help, and psychological supporting （23.4%） and understanding of their needs and concerned issues （ 17. 0% ） were also useful. （4） Survivals agreed that housing problems, losing families, difficulties with economic resources and problem of employment served as major issues that might affect their psychological status since the earthquake happened. Conclusion： Better survivals＇impression on psychosocial support service is associated with more times of having received assistance. A large part of psychosocial support needs by the victims are not satisfactorily met. It is needed to improve the service capacity of basic level health workers and increase the accessibility of service. It is implicated that a variety of psychosocial supports from health sector and non-health sectors should work together and promote each other, and the services should be adapted according to the different features and needs of survivals.

关 键 词：地震 心理社会支持 需求 现场调查 

分 类 号：R749.5[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] B845.67[医药卫生—临床医学]