从强化理论看科学研究中“马太效应”的存在合理性  

Explaining the Existent Rationality of Matthew Effect in Scientific Study in the View of Reinforcement Theory

作　　者：陈雅娟[1] 罗仕国[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学公共管理学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2011年第6期211-214,共4页Science and Technology Management Research

摘　　要：强化理论是由美国行为科学家斯金纳在20世纪50年代提出的一种行为修正和激励理论,所谓强化,是通过增加某种激励和有机体的某种反应之间的联系以达到增加或减少某种行为或使某种行为消失的过程。科学研究中的"马太效应"是一个长期而大量存在的客观事实,有其复杂的社会心理原因。它对科学家从事科学研究行为的一种强化作用是其存在的社会原因,而人性需求、对权威的信赖和权威论证则是其存在的逻辑心理原因。Reinforcement theory is a kind of behavioral modification theory and motivation theory advanced by Burrhus Frederic Skinner,an American behaviourist in 1950s.Reinforcement is a process in which we added the relations of motivation and reaction of the organism to reinforce or reduce an action or eliminate it.Matthew Effect in study of science is a long-lasting,host fact.It has complicated social and psychological reason,it＇s reinforcement role in study of science is the social reason for its existence.Human requirement,belief in authority and authority demonstration are it＇s logical and psychological reasons.

关 键 词：强化理论 马太效应 存在合理性 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]