黄檗的胚胎学研究  

Embryological Studies on Phellodendron amurense

作　　者：周庆源[1] 靳晓白[1] 母锡金[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《云南植物研究》1999年第3期317-322,共6页Acta Botanica Yunnanica

摘　　要：黄檗(PhellodendronamurenseRupr.)为雌雄异株植物,雌花中有退化的雄蕊原基,雄花中有退化的心皮。黄檗花药壁发育为基本型。腺质绒毡层,细胞双核或多核。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型。小孢子四分体为四面体型排列,成熟花粉有2-细胞和3-细胞型2种。子房5室,中轴胎座、倒生胚珠、具珠柄珠孔塞、双珠被、厚珠心和多孢原细胞。大孢子四分体为直线型、少数为“T”型排列,合点端的一个为功能性大孢子。蓼型胚囊,双受精属于有丝分裂前配子融合类型。胚的发育为藜型,核型胚乳。后期胚乳组织外层形成“次生胚乳”,原胚乳细胞逐渐退化解体。Phellodendron amurense Rupr. is a dioecious tree with abortive carpels in the staminate flower and abortive stamens in the pistillate flower. The anther wall conforms to the basic type. The tapetum, of which each cell contains 2 or more nuclei in the later stages, is the glandular type. The cytokinesis of the microspore mother cells in meiosis is the simultaneous type. The microspores are arranged in a tetrahedral tetrad. The mature pollen grains are of the 2-celled and 3-celled types. The ovary is 5-locular. The placentation is axile. The ovule is biteguminous, crassinucellate and anatropous. The female archesporium is multicellular. The megaspore tetrad is linear arrangement or occassionally T-shaped. The functional megaspore in the linear tetrad is the one at the chalazal end. The development of the embryo sac is the polygonum type. The double fertilization belongs to the premitotic type of syngamy. The embryo develops to conform the chenopodiad type. The endosperm develops to be the nuclear type. In the later stage ,a secondary endosperm develops in the periphery of the endosperm , while the inner endosperm cells degenerate and disintegrate.

关 键 词：黄檗 胚胎学 黄柏 

分 类 号：Q949.752.7[生物学—植物学]