侦审关系论纲  

The Research on Investigation-trial Relationship

作　　者：门金玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国青年政治学院法律系,北京100089

出　　处：《河北法学》2010年第12期139-148,共10页Hebei Law Science

摘　　要：侦审关系是一个具有自身特殊规律和内在机制的研究领域,侦审之间的权能结构关系决定了其对诉讼形态建构的特殊意义。侦审关系具有动态、转换性,在侦查阶段侦审关系的重心是司法对侦查的制约,在起诉阶段侦审关系的重心是审判与侦查的阻隔,在法庭审判阶段侦审关系的重心则是审判独立。根据侦审关系在侦查、起诉和审判三阶段的不同样式,侦审关系的应然样态可以表达为"独立而不失控、阻隔而不阻断、受制而不依附"。侦审关系研究的两个基本内容,一是司法制约侦查;二是法官预断排除。其中,前者的实质是侦查行为正当化的问题,后者则是裁判结论正当化的问题。从运行机制的维度审视,侦审关系的制度逻辑是过程控制与结果控制、直接控制与间接控制并举,审前阻隔与审中排除互补。主要制度组成包括侦查阶段的侦查令状制度、起诉阶段的侦审阻隔机制和审判阶段的非法证据排除规则和警察出庭作证制度。侦审关系是决定审判中心主义刑事诉讼模式的关键环节,也是控、辩、裁三方法律地位和关系的决定性因素。The basis proposition put forward and argued by the dissertation is that investigation-trial relationship is such a research category that it has its own independent function mechanism and special principles. The power-structure of investigation-trial relationship is a dynamic and conversional relationship, which emphasizes the judicial restriction on the investigation in investigative process, and pays attention to the obstruction between the trial and investigation in prosecutive process, and insists on the independence of trial in the trial process. Based on the different modes of investigation-trial relationship in investigative, prosecutive and trial process, the dissertation characters the normative modes as ＂ being independent while not lose control, obstruct while not block, being restricted while not comply＂. The research on investigation-trial relationship aims at the resolution of the following problems, one is the judicial restriction of the investigation, the other is the exclusion of the prejudice of the judge. The former is concerned virtually with legitimacy of the investigative behaviors, the latter deals with the legitimacy of the adjudication. From the prong of the function mechanism, the essential systems of investigation-trial relationship include the investigative writ system in investigative process, the obstruction system between the trial and investigation in prosecutive process, and the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence and police witness system in trial process. These systems about investigation-trial relationship are not only the crucial elements that determine the fulfillment of the trial-centered criminal procedure model, but also the decisive factors of the legal status and relationship among the prosecution, defense and the trial.

关 键 词：侦查 审判 制约 预断 

分 类 号：DF7[政治法律—诉讼法学]