3042例上消化道出血患者的临床特点分析及护理  

Clinical Characteristics and Nursing of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

作　　者：沈爱萍[1] 余莲英[1] 沙卫红[1] 贺冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省人民医院广东省医学科学院消化科,广东广州510080

出　　处：《护理学报》2011年第4期9-13,共5页Journal of Nursing（China）

摘　　要：目的了解上消化道出血的病因及临床特点,合理分配资源,采取有效的、针对性的护理措施。方法回顾性调查分析1991年3月—2009年3月3 042例上消化道出血住院患者的病因及其临床特点。结果 (1)男女性别比2.10∶1。(2)消化性溃疡是上消化道出血的最常见原因,但在上消化道出血病因构成比中呈下降趋势,而急性胃黏膜病变在上消化道出血病因构成中呈增加趋势。(3)青、中年患者以消化性溃疡出血为最主要病因;儿童、老年患者以急性胃黏膜病变出血为主。结论消化性溃疡出血虽呈下降趋势,但仍为上消化道出血的主要原因,急性胃黏膜病变为上消化道出血的另一重要病因,尤其对老年患者,亦是出血致死亡的重要原因。应针对上消化道出血病因与疾病谱变化,重视男性患者的健康教育;重视出血患者的心理疏导,减少负性情绪;加强急性胃黏膜病变及消化道肿瘤所致出血患者的病情监测与安全护理,重视基础病变的防治。Objective To understand causes and clinical characteristics of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and to provide effective nursing measures.Methods A Retrospective analysis was carried out among 3 042 cases form March 1991 to March 2009 on causes and clinical characteristics of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Results（1） Sex ratio of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was 2.10∶1.（2） Major cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was peptic ulcer with downtrend.Meanwhile,acute gastric mucosal lesion was another significant cause with uptrend.（3） For young and middle-aged patients,major cause was peptic ulcer while for children and aging patients,major cause was acute gastric mucosal lesion.Conclusion Peptic ulcer and acute gastric mucosal lesion were two major causes for upper gastrointestinal bleeding,the latter of which is particular to aging patients and even leads to death.Health education should be promoted particularly for males.Immediate monitoring and nursing are recommended for the prevention of it.

关 键 词：上消化道出血 病因 临床特点 护理 

分 类 号：R573.2[医药卫生—消化系统]