天津水产业磺胺类耐药细菌及其分布  

Sulfonamide Resistant Bacteria in Tianjin's Aquaculture and Their Distribution

作　　者：高盼盼[1] 罗义[1] 毛大庆[2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院环境污染控制过程与基准教育部重点实验室,天津300071 [2]沈阳药科大学生命科学与生物制药学院,沈阳100016

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2011年第1期74-79,共6页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31070333;30870363);天津市自然科学基金(08JCYBJC02700);天津市城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室开放基金(06TXTJJC14000)

摘　　要：水产养殖中抗生素的滥用可能会诱导水产品和周围环境中的耐药菌。针对天津市北辰区、西青区、东丽区和津南区的6个水产养殖场的底泥和水样,采用抗性平板筛选耐药细菌,通过对磺胺甲恶唑的耐药率分析,发现底泥中的耐药率要大大高于水中的耐药率,并且与国外的某些研究相比,底泥的细菌耐药率呈现较高的趋势。另外,利用16S-rDNA鉴定出8个菌属、13个菌种的耐药菌,其中包括环境中常见的土著细菌如芽孢杆菌和短杆菌,以及肠球菌、粪产碱杆菌和不动杆菌等条件致病菌。这表明肠道菌经排泄进入环境后可能会与土著菌和条件致病菌发生抗性元件的水平转移,造成抗性在环境中的扩散,构成潜在的生态风险。Misuse of antibiotics in aquaculture may induce the resistant bacteria in aquatic products.In this study,antibiotic-selective media was used to select SMZ（sulfamethoxazole） resistant bacteria from the sediment and water samples of six aquaculture farms in Beichen District,Xiqing District,Dongli District and Jinnan District in Tianjin.Results showed that SMZ resistance rates were much higher in sediment than that of the water.Higher SMZ residstance rates were observed in this study comparing with other studies.Thirteen species of resistant bacteria belonging to 8 genera were identifiedd using 16S-rDNA,including environmental indigenous bacteria such as Bacillus and Brevibacterium,intestinal bacteria and opportunistic pathogen such as Enterococcus and Alcaligenes faecalis as well as Acinetobacter.When these intestinal bacteria were released into the environment,they may exchange their resistant determinants via horizontal transfer with indigenous bacteria and opportunistic pathogen,resulting in propagation of antibiotic resistance in the environment and potential ecological risk.

关 键 词：水产养殖 磺胺甲恶唑 耐药率 耐药细菌 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]