松嫩沙地沙漠化及防治研究——以杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县他拉哈镇为例  

Study on Desertification and Its Controlling Techniques in Songnen Sandy Land,China:A case study in the Talaha Town,Duerbote Mongolian Autonomous County of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：裘善文[1] 王其存[1] 陈国双[1] 朱金花[1] 宋风斌[1] 张廷文 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012 [2]黑龙江省杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县林业局,黑龙江杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县166200

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2011年第2期331-338,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金："十.一五"国家科技支撑项目(2006BAC01A08);中国科学院农业科技支撑项目(KSCX2-YW-N-41-02);黑龙江省科技支撑项目(GB05C201-06)共同资助

摘　　要：杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县是松嫩沙地沙漠化面积最大的县,他拉哈镇是该县沙漠化比较有代表性的地区。土地沙漠化分布在全镇各村屯,面积为109.91 km2,占全镇土地总面积22.95%,主要为轻度和中度沙漠化类型。在沙地的沙丘中普遍发育1～2层古土壤层,经14C测年为(4 197±383)a BP～(7 463±143)a BP。经孢粉分析,草本植物花粉较多,乔、灌木植物花粉较少,古土壤层属全新世大暖期时期形成。沙地沙漠化的成因,既有自然因素又有人为原因。对中度沙漠化土地(包括沙丘地)一般采取疏林、灌、草治理模式;对轻度沙漠化土地(含沙平地)采取林、果、药(草)、杂(小杂粮)治理模式。Duerbote Mongolian Autonomous County of Heilongjiang province has the largest desertification land area among the counties in the Songnen Sandy Land.The Talaha Town is a representative region in the desertification area of Duerbote County.The desertification land is distributed in each village of the town and the total area is 109.91 km^2,which is 22.95% of the total land area of the town.The desertification land of the Talaha Town is of light and moderate degrees.Generally,one to two layers of paleosols are found in sand dunes and their ages are between（4 197±383）a BP and（7 463±143）a BP by ^14C dating.Sporo-pollen analysis indicates that the pollens of herbaceous plants in the paleosols are more than that of arbor trees and bush plants,and the paleosols are formed in the warm period of Holocene.The desertification in this area is caused by both natural and mankind factors.For moderate desertification lands treatment,a ＂sparse forest-bush-grass＂ controlling model should be adopted,and another ＂forest-fruit tree-herb（medicinal）-minor cereals＂ controlling model should be adopted for light desertification lands treatment.

关 键 词：土地沙漠化 形成原因 防治 松嫩沙地 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]