葡萄霜霉病田间消长规律及防治对策  

Growth and Decline and Control Countermeasures of Grape Downy Mildew

作　　者：马俊义[1] 范咏梅[1] 姜新丽 刘新智 周泽容 韩先旭 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]昌吉市农业局,新疆昌吉832000 [3]昌吉市农业局园艺站,新疆昌吉832000 [4]昌吉市农业技术推广中心,新疆昌吉832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2011年第2期210-214,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目

摘　　要：【目的】调查研究葡萄霜霉病的田间流行动态,以期提出合理的用药时间和药剂种类。【方法】采用5点法对新疆北部昌吉市葡萄霜霉病的田间消长规律进行调查,采用叶盘法测定不同药剂对葡萄霜霉病菌的敏感性;采用生测法筛选葡萄霜霉病田间药剂。【结果】6～7月降雨量和降雨次数是导致北疆葡萄霜霉病流行的主要因子之一。霜疫必克、杜邦易保对葡萄霜霉病菌表现出较强的毒力,对葡萄霜霉病菌比较敏感,属一个敏感水平,杀毒矾次之,而甲霜灵对葡萄霜霉菌表现出极不敏感。通过两年对10种药剂的田间药效试验表明:在葡萄霜霉病发病期喷施安克、霜疫必克、杀毒矾,隔7 d喷一次,连续喷2次,相对防效达61.59%～71.70%,比其它药剂防效明显。【结论】新疆昌吉葡萄霜霉病的发生危害程度与降雨日持续时间和雨量大小呈一定的相关性。安克、霜疫必克、杀毒矾三种杀菌剂具有良好控制病害蔓延效果,且属低毒农药,对葡萄安全,对环境污染小,值得推广应用。[Objective]In this paper,Grape downy mildew epidemic dynamics were investigated in Xinjiang in order to provide reasonable treatment time and type of chemicals against the disease.[Method]By 5-point method,epidemic dynamic of grape downy mildew was investigated in Changji city in northern Xinjiang;using the leaf disc method,it was determined for the sensitivity of different fungicides to the pathogen of grape downy mildew;the fungicides which were sensitive to grape downy mildew were screened by bioassay.[Result]In June and July,the amount of precipitation is one major factor which led to the popular of grape downy mildew in northern Xinjiang.The fungicides（SYBK and DuPont） showed strong virulence to grape downy mildew pathogen,more sensitive to downy mildew of grape than other fungicides,such as Oxadixyl＋Mancozeb,and metalaxyl on grape downy mildew pathogen were very insensitive.The results of field experiment with 10 fungicides for 2 years showed that the control effect of the fungicides Anke,SYBX and Oxadixyl＋Mancozeb to grape downy mildew were 61.59%-71.70% by spraying once every 7 days,continuous spraying 2 times,the relative control effect was better than that of other agents .[Conclusion]The occurrence extent of damage from downy mildew of grape in Changji city in Xinjiang had some relations with the sustained time and amount of precipitation. Three fungicides have a good anti-disease effect and inhibit the spread of the disease,and the low toxicity of pesticides on grapes safety,environmental pollution,should be widely applied.

关 键 词：葡萄 霜霉病 流行规律 杀菌剂 控制效果 

分 类 号：S436.631.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]