海洋微型生物碳泵——从微型生物生态过程到碳循环机制效应  

Microbial Carbon Pump in the Ocean——from Microbial EcologicalProcess to Carbon Cycle Mechanism

作　　者：焦念志[1] 骆庭伟[1] 张瑶[1] 张锐[1] 汤凯[1] 陈峰[1] 曾永辉[1] 张永雨[1] 赵艳琳[1] 郑强[1] 李彦玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第2期387-401,共15页Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40632013;40841023;40576063;40232021);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2007CB815904);国际合作重点项目(2003DF000040);国家海洋局项目(201105021;DYXM-115-02-4-3)

摘　　要：微型生物是海洋生态系统中"看不见的主角",在资源环境以及全球变化中扮演着举足轻重的角色.本研究通过方法创新和大量现场调查,从一类特殊微型生物类群——好氧不产氧光合异养细菌(AAPB)入手,展开了微型生物生态过程与机制的系统研究,修正了国际同行AAPB计数方法的误差,获得了全球海洋AAPB的分布规律,解释了以往现场实测结果的分歧,澄清了以往理论上的偏颇认识;建立了包括不产氧光能利用途径的上层海洋碳循环模型,并通过大量现场实测揭示:细菌光能利用关系到海区碳循环的"源""汇"格局;在这些研究基础上探讨了新的海洋碳循环机制,提出了"微型生物碳泵"理论框架,为全面认识海洋储碳机制、促进学科交叉、研发海洋碳汇奠定了基础.The ubiquitous picoplankton are major components of food webs and thus they play key roles in biogeochemical cycle and energy flow in the marine ecosystem.Thereinto,aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria（AAPB） is an important functional group with capability of harvesting light energy,and has a particular role in the ocean′s carbon cycling.By application of new methods and further innovation of related techniques,and through extensive field investigations in the Chinese coastal wasters and the three Oceans,great data sets have been set up and systemic results have been obtained on microbial processes in the ocean′s carbon and energy flows.The following are the major achievements.1） We established a new protocol as ＂time series observation based infrared epifluorescence microscopy＂（TIREM） which enabled us to enumerate AAPB accurately;2） And consequently revealed the wide distribution and unexpected abundance of AAPB in coastal waters（more abundant than in oligotrophic oceanic water which was thought to be the major niche of AAPB）;3） Based on the above data sets,a novel model is proposed,where bacteriochlorophyll a induced anoxygenic phototrophy and a proteiorhodopsin based proton pump are included;4） Furthermore for carbon sequestration below the surface ocean,a conceptual model of microbial carbon pump（MCP） is proposed,which is in contrast to the well known sinking flux-based biological pump.Overall,these achievements have filled several research banks in China,and lead in the international field of marine microbial ecology.

关 键 词：微型生物 碳循环 好氧不产氧光合异养菌 时间序列红外荧光显微数字化技术 微型生物碳泵 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]