FACE条件下O_3浓度增高对小麦产量和籽粒充实的影响  

Effects of Elevated Ozone Concentration on Grain Yield and Plumpness in Wheat with FACE System

作　　者：朱新开[1] 刘晓成[1] 孙陶芳[1] 郭文善[1] 朱建国[2] 冯兆忠[3] Kazhuhiko Kobayashi 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,中国江苏扬州225009 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,中国南京210008 [3]东京大学农学与生命科学学院

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2011年第6期1100-1108,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30971729);中国科技部国际科技合作计划(2009DFA31110);中国科学院科研装备研制项目(YZ0603);中国科学院国际合作重点项目(GJHZ0748);日本环境厅全球环境研究基金(中日合作)(C-062);扬州大学创新基金

摘　　要：【目的】探讨近地层大气O3浓度增高对小麦生产的影响。【方法】2007—2009年度应用FACE研究平台,以O3自然浓度(A-O3)为对照,设计O3浓度增高50%(E-O3)进行对比试验,采用烟农19、扬麦16、嘉兴002、扬麦15和扬辐麦2号等5个品种为对象,研究大气O3浓度增高50%对不同基因型小麦品种籽粒产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】O3浓度增高显著降低小麦籽粒产量,降幅为10.10%—34.51%,平均为19.74%,品种、年度间存在显著或极显著差异。O3浓度增高条件下千粒重降低17.88%(10.16%—29.47%);每穗粒数下降3.47%(-1.53%—11.90%),但穗数平均较对照增加0.95%(-14.58%—23.74%),处理、品种和年度间存在显著或极显著差异。O3浓度增高50%使籽粒长、宽、厚和籽粒体积分别减小0—4.16%、7.95%—20.24%、2.66%—11.00%和8.5%—31.5%;皱缩指数增大0.23%—36.66%,籽粒灌浆速率降低,籽粒充实度变化为-21.40%—3.76%,最终导致粒重降低。【结论】FACE条件下O3浓度增高使籽粒灌浆物质来源不足,籽粒库容变小,充实度降低,粒重变小,最终导致小麦籽粒产量下降。【Objective】In recent years,tropospheric（ground level） ozone concentration was growing year by year because of the development of agriculture and industry,and had generated a degree of damage on crop production.【Method】The effects of elevated ozone concentration（O3） on grain yield and its components and grain plumpness in five varieties of winter wheat（Tritcium aestivum L.） with a FACE（Free-Air Controlled Environment） system were studied in 2007-2009.The main-plot treatment had two levels of（O3）： ambient level（A-O3） and 50% higher than ambient level（E-O3）,and the sub-plot treatment had five typical varieties： Yannong 19,Yangmai 16,Jiaxin 002,Yangmai 15 and Yangfumai 2.The ozone treatment was imposed upon for the period from 5 March to 26 May in 2008 and from 6 March to 24 May in 2009,respectively.【Result】 The O3 elevation decreased grain yield and its components（grain weight and numbers） significantly or very significantly.Under E-O3,the average grain yield was decreased by 19.74%（10.06%-34.53%） in two years,and 1000-grain-weight decreased by 17.88%（10.16%-29.47%）,grain number per ear decreased by 3.47%（-1.53%-11.90%）,but ear number increased by 0.95%（-14.58%-23.74%） in different varieties,respectively.There was a significant or very significant difference among treatments,cultivars and years.The O3 elevation affected the development process of wheat grains,the grain length,width and thickness were decreased by 0%-4.16%,7.95%-20.24% and 2.66%-11.00% under E-O3 condition,which led to the decrease of grain volume by 8.5%-31.5%.The O3 elevation affected grain filling process,the average grain filling rate decreased.Because of the changes of grain volume and grain weight,grain plumpness degree changed by-21.40%-3.76%,the grain shrinkage index increased by 0.23%-36.66%,respectively.【Conclusion】 Under E-O3,grain yield decrease resulted mainly from the declining of grain weight which was caused by the decrease of grain filling rate and grain plumpness.

关 键 词：小麦 FACE O3浓度增高 籽粒产量 籽粒充实度 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]