论证据意义上的事实  

Study on the Fact in the Sense of Evidence

作　　者：王俊民[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《证据科学》2010年第6期662-670,共9页Evidence Science

摘　　要：研究证据意义上的事实,有助于准确把握事实与事物,案件事实与证据事实的联系与区别,有助于准确理解与把握我国刑事诉讼证据规定首次明文确立的证据裁判原则、意见证据排除规则。事实与事物既有同一性又存在明显差别。事物是事实的载体,事实是事物现象的表述;事物会发生变化,事实却不会变化,事物的变化导致产生新的事实;事物的反面是无,事实的反面是假。案件事实不同于证据事实,案件事实不是适用法律的依据,证据意义上的事实才是适用法律的根据;案件事实的存在形式不受限制,无法被消灭,却有赖于证据证明,证据意义上的事实不仅存在形式和表现方式要受限制,而且还可能被消灭;证据意义上的事实除了具有客观性特征外,还具主观性特征。证人证言中的事实与意见的界定,以及确定证人证言意见性陈述"合乎一般生活经验判断"的方法,证人根据专业知识就专业问题作出的评论与判断意见性陈述应具有证据事实属性。Recently,the Supreme People＇s Court,the Supreme People＇s Procurement,the Ministry of Public Security,the Ministry of State Security and the Ministry of Justice have jointly enacted and issued the Provision on Several Issues Concerning the Examination and Judgment of Evidence in Death Penalty Cases.The Provision is the first document that prescribes the principle of evidentiary adjudication and the principle of exclusion of the opinion evidences in Chinese criminal procedure.It is helpful to distinguish the fact from the object,the case fact from the evidential fact,and to understand and manage the above principles by study on the evidential fact. The fact and the object have similarities as well as differences.The fact in the sense of evidence can be used as a base of legal application while the case fact cannot.The case fact can exist in any form and cannot be eliminated,but needs to be proved by evidence.There are restrictions on the existing forms and the manifestation modes of the fact in the sense of evidence which can be eliminated.The fact in the sense of evidence has both objective and subjective features. The testimony based on the general experiences of life can be taken as the fact.The judgment on specialized problems made by witnesses according to their professional knowledge is the evidentiary fact.

关 键 词：案件事实 证据事实 事实与事物 证人证言 事实与意见 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]