交替选择对玉米自交系抗性改良的效应  

Effects of Alternative Selection of Maize Inbred Lines on Stress Tolerance Improvement

作　　者：马俊峰[1,2] 刘天学[1] 李潮海[1] 阴淑贞[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/农业部玉米区域技术创新中心,郑州450002 [2]河南省新乡市农业科学院玉米研究所,河南新乡453600

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2011年第5期909-916,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BADO02A07-4)

摘　　要：【目的】研究交替选择对玉米自交系抗病性、耐旱性以及产量的影响。【方法】选用中国目前玉米生产上应用面积最大的杂交种郑单958的父本自交系昌7-2和母本自交系郑58,分别在河南和海南进行抗病、耐旱、丰产性交替选择。采用田间试验与盆栽试验相结合的方法,测定灰斑病病情指数、耐旱系数、丙二醛(MDA)含量和产量及其构成因素。【结果】与基础材料相比,随着交替选择代数的增加,郑58第一至第四代衍生系的灰斑病病指分别下降了16.1%、16.6%、31.5%和33.1%,昌7-2第一至第四代衍生系灰斑病病指分别下降了28.1%、29.7%、45.3%和49.5%;随选择代数增加MDA含量逐代下降,耐旱系数逐代提高;郑58和昌7-2的第四代平均产量分别比其相应基础材料提高8.3%和9.1%。【结论】经过连续四代交替选择后,郑58和昌7-2的抗病性、耐旱性以及产量都得到了明显的提高,证明交替选择对玉米自交系抗逆性改良是有效的。【Objective】The effects of alternative selection on drought tolerance,disease resistance and yield in maize inbred lines were studied.【Method】Alternative selection on disease resistance,drought tolerance and high yield was carried out in a shuttle breeding program between Henan and Hainan Provinces by using the parents of the most popular elite maize hybrid Zhengdan 958,Zheng 58 and Chang 7-2.The gray leaf spot disease index,MDA content,drought tolerance coefficient and yield of maize inbred lines were determined in a field experiment and a pot experiment,respectively.【Result】With the advance of alternative selection generations,compared with the original material,the gray leaf spot disease index of Zheng 58 in the first to fourth generations decreased by 16.1%,16.6%,31.5% and 33.1%,respectively,and that of Chang 7-2 in the first to fourth generations decreased by 28.1%,29.7%,45.3% and 49.5%,respectively,and gradually increased in drought tolerance coefficient and decreased in MDA content as advance of alternative selection generations.The average grain yields of Zheng 58 and Chang 7-2 in fourth generation increased by 8.3% and 9.1%,respectively.【Conclusion】The disease resistance,drought tolerance and yield increased in Zheng 58 and Chang 7-2 as four generations of alternative selection.The results from this study suggested that alternative selection is effective to improve maize inbred lines for stress resistance.

关 键 词：玉米 自交系改良 交替选择 抗逆性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]