怀柔城区和郊区学龄前儿童视觉状况调查  

Investigation of vision of preschool children's in rural and urban areas in HuaiRou District

作　　者：赵玲[1] 靳扬扬[1] 李冬[1] 彭燕梅[2] 吕永兰 

机构地区：[1]北京煤炭总医院眼科,北京100028 [2]怀柔区妇幼保健院眼科,北京101400

出　　处：《中日友好医院学报》2011年第1期23-25,共3页Journal of China-Japan Friendship Hospital

摘　　要：目的：对怀柔区25个幼儿园（其中区中心15个,郊区10个）4~6岁学龄前儿童进行视觉状况的普查,比较城区和郊区儿童视觉状况。方法：2009年分别对城区2150例儿童和郊区1679例儿童进行了视觉检查,包括远近视力（裸眼和戴镜视力）、外眼检查、眼位及眼球运动。对视力〈0.8者进行散瞳验光。结果：怀柔区城区和郊区儿童视力低常率有显著性差异（13.02%vs 9.17%,P〈0.01）。视力低常率：4岁组为8.63%,5岁组14.67%,6岁组10.31%。各年龄组视力低常率有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。视力低常的病因有屈光不正、斜视、先天眼病（先天上睑下垂和先天眼球震颤）及眼外伤,其中屈光不正占96.31%,包括远视（74.16%）、近视（10.77%）和混合散光（15.07%）。弱视患病率4.3%,以轻度弱视居多,屈光不正（46.06%）是形成弱视的主要原因。结论：学龄前儿童视力低常率和地域有一定的关系。低常率随年龄增加而降低,表明儿童视功能发育逐渐成熟。远视是4~6岁学龄前儿童视力低下的主要原因。儿童视觉普查应加强近视、斜视、弱视的普查,以做到早发现早治疗。objective：To investigate the vision of children aged from 4 to 6 in 25 kindergartens of 15 urban and 10 rural areas in HuaiRou District,Beijng and compare the visual situation between children in rural and urban areas.Methods：A total of 2150 children in urban and 1679 children in rural areas underwent eye examination,including distant and near visual acuity（VA）,best corrected VA,slit lamp biomicroscopy,eye location and eye movement.Those whose vision under 0.8 took dilated pupil examination.Results：Significant difference was found in child＇s low vision rate between urban and rural areas（13.02% vs 9.17%,P0.01）.The children＇s low vision rates of age 4 years,5 years and 6 years were 8.63%,14.67% and 10.31%,respectively.There were significant differences among the children＇s low vision rates of different age groups（all P0.01）.The low vision was caused mostly by refractive error（96.31%）.Among that,the prevalence of hyperopia was 74.16%;myopia was 10.77%;mixed astigmatism was 15.07%.Amblyopia rate was 4.3%,including 46.06% of refractive error,36.36% of anisometropia,15.15% of strabismus rate and 2.43% of form deprivation rate.Conclusion：The prevalence rates of low vision are higher in urban areas and the rates decreased with increased ages.Hyperopia is the major cause of low vision in refractive error in children aged 4 to 6.Morbidity of myopia,strabismus and amblyopia suggested that survey is a key method for early detect and treatment.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 视力 屈光不正 弱视 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]