陕北不同品种红枣裂果比较及抗裂剂研究  

Study on different jujube cultiars and effect of anti-cracking agents in North Shaanxi

作　　者：南娟[1] 汪有科[2] 李晓彬[2] 汪星[1] 马婧[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第3期181-187,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"陕西半干旱区山地特色果品综合节水技术研究与示范"(2007BAD88B05)

摘　　要：【目的】针对陕北红枣品种较多、抗裂性能差异大、市场上防裂药剂效果不一的现状,研究了陕北不同红枣品种及不同抗裂剂抗裂效果,筛选出适合当地的抗裂红枣品种及抗裂剂。【方法】通过室内浸果诱裂试验,研究了茶壶枣、梨枣、骏枣、赞皇枣、狗头枣、小木枣、木枣、马牙枣、晋枣和油枣10种红枣枣果,以及经益科乐活力菌、果蔬邦、镁钙美、瑞恩钙、中量元素水溶肥料和金满田6种抗裂剂处理的骏枣果实,在浸泡条件下的吸水率和裂果率的变化趋势。【结果】在浸果过程中,红枣的裂果率呈先增加后减小趋势,最终达到稳定,吸水率呈递减趋势。不同品种之间红枣的裂果率差异显著,骏枣裂果率最高,为66.7%,抗裂品种木枣与油枣裂果率最低,均为33.3%。不同药剂对枣果的生长及防裂效果差别很大。供试的6种药剂中,镁钙美的防裂效果最好,裂果率仅为16.7%,益科乐活力菌和中量元素水溶肥料的裂果率最高,均为66.7%。【结论】适合陕北的较好红枣抗裂品种为木枣与油枣,最好的抗裂剂为镁钙美。【Objective】 The study was to explore jujube varieties and different cracking agents to select suitable jujube variety and cracking agents.【Method】 The influence of the anti-cracking effects in ten cultiars of jujube and five anti-cracking agents on fruit cracking rate of jujube were studied through laboratory experiment under soaking condition,and then best anti-cracking varies and agents were selected.Ten cultiars of jujube included Chahu jujube,Li jujube,Jun jujube,Zanhuang jujube,Goutou jujube,Xiaomu jujube,Mu jujube,Mayajujube,Jin jujube and You jujube.Five anti-cracking agents included Yikele huolijun,Guoshubang,Meigaimei,Ruiengai,Zhongliangyuansu shuirong feiliao and Jinmantian.【Result】 The result showed that fruit cracking rate of jujube under soaking condition increased linearly at the beginning,then increased slowly and finally tended to be stable and water absorption decreased slowly.Fruit cracking rate significantly varied among different cultiars of jujube and Jun jujube was the highest of 66.7%,and the anti-cracking Mu jujube and You jujube were 33.3%.The anti-cracking effects of jujube were significantly affected by different agents.Among the selected six agents,Meigaimei showed the best anti-cracking effects and the fruit cracking rate was only 16.7%.The fruit cracking rate of Zhongliangyuansu shuirong feiliao and Yikele huolijun was the highest 66.7%.【Conclusion】 Mu jujube and You jujube are selected from different cultiars that are sutiable for North Shaanxi,but the best anti-cracking agent is Meigaimei.

关 键 词：红枣 抗裂品种 抗裂剂 防裂效果 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]