唐宋“富民”与乡村社会经济关系的发展  

Wealthy-people Class and Its Effects on the Development of Social and Economic relationship in Rural Areas during Tang and Song Dynasties

作　　者：薛政超[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]邵阳学院魏源及湘西南文史研究基地,湖南邵阳422000 [2]云南大学历史学博士后流动站,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《中国农史》2011年第1期84-96,共13页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：湖南省社科基金项目(09YBB363);湖南省教育厅资助重点项目(10A111);湖南省哲学社会科学成果评审委员会立项资助课题(2010)成果之一

摘　　要：唐宋以来的富民阶层凭借其经济优势,在乡村社会经济关系中发挥着非常重要的作用。首先,富民收纳佃户,管理并监督生产过程,成为社会生产活动的主要组织者。其次,富民是国家赋役的主要承担者。富民虽可逃脱赋役,但也要付出由贿赂、诉讼与诡寄等费用构成的沉重代价,造成其整体贫困化。再次,富民是国家赋税征发和维持地方治安等乡治的主体。其四,富民通过减少政府开支和向贫民提供救灾物资等方式而成为社会灾荒之时的稳定器。另外,富民还在其他公共设施与公益事业的建设与管理上发挥着非常重要的作用。唐宋以来的"富民"群体成为了乡村社会经济关系的中心和主导社会阶层。Since the Tang and Song,wealthy-people class played a very important role in the rural social and economic relations by virtue of its economic advantages.First of all,the wealthy-people was the main organizer of social production activities.They employed the tenants,provided employment opportunities for the proletariat or land lacker,managed and monitored the production process by using of their productive and living materials.Secondly,the wealthy-people was the major bearer of state taxes.Although the wealthy-people class in Tang and Song hid assets to avoid taxes and social public administration expenditure,a trend of overall impoverishment also appeared in the wealthy-people class because the additional burden of administrative and social costs constituted of a variety of fees for bribery,hiding of assets,litigation,and peaching.Once again,the wealthy-people was the main village manager of state government.The state selected the wealthy-people as the main body of rural managers which not only started from assuming the responsibility of tax levy,but also Included using them to maintain law and order.Fourth,the wealthy-people was a social stabilizer at famine time.In addition,the wealthy-people still played a very important role in the construction and management of other public utilities and facilities.Since the Tang and Song,wealthy-people group had become the center of village social and economic relations and the dominant social class.

关 键 词：“富民”阶层 社会生产 赋役 乡治 灾荒 唐宋 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]