植物同源四倍体花器官及种子变异研究进展  

Progress of Variations in Floral Organs and Seeds of Autotetraploid Plants

作　　者：孙鹏[1] 李云[1] 姜金仲[2] 袁存权[1] 张立玲 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,林木育种国家工程实验室,林木、花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室,国家林业局树木花卉育种与生物工程重点开放实验室,北京100083 [2]贵州师范学院,贵阳550018 [3]河北省承德县林业局,承德067400

出　　处：《植物研究》2011年第2期249-256,共8页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30771747);农业部公益性行业科研专项(200803034);国家“863”项目专题(2007AA100105);国家“十一五”科技支撑项目(2006BAD01A1601)

摘　　要：由于染色体数目的加倍,植物同源四倍体花器官、雌配子体、雄配子体及种子的表现型均发生了不同程度的变异,与其起源二倍体相比,四倍体的表现型变异主要体现在以下几个方面:花序形态及着生位置呈现多样化;花器官普遍增大,花柱中引导组织欠发达;花芽中核酸含量增加,RNA/DNA降低;雌配子体(胚囊)中卵器、中央细胞、反足细胞形态位置异常或退化,胚囊育性下降;雄配子体(花粉)体积增大、形态多样,且育性下降;种子体积、重量多数呈增加趋势,蛋白含量提高,对NaC l逆境耐受性增强,萌发力下降;种子胚乳发育的异常有不利于种子胚营养供给的趋势,这种趋势会导致胚畸形或退化。The phenotypes of floral organs, female and male gametophytes and seeds vary in various degrees because of the genome reduplication for autotetraploid plants. Compared with original diploid plants, the variations focus on the following aspects. The form and inserted site of inflorescenees are diverse. The floral organs general- ly increase in size. The transmitting tissue in style is not well developed. The content of nucleic acid increases whereas the numerical value of RNA/DNA decreases in buds. Parts of egg apparatus, centroeytes and antipodal cells in sac degenerate or grow abnormally of morphology and location, which result in embryo sac abortion. Male gametophytes （pollen） are bigger than original diploid in size, diversiform and infertile. Seeds of autotetraploid plants have an increasing trend of size, weight, content of protein and tolerability to salt, but few of the seeds can germinate. The abnormal development of endosperm negatively affects the supply of nutrition to embryo, so that a lot of embryos degenerate or develop abnormally.

关 键 词：同源四倍体 花器官 雌雄配子体 种子 

分 类 号：Q944.57[生物学—植物学]